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Here, we extend previous pioneering approaches in neuroimaging [functional MRI (fMRI) hyperscanning] to provide a method for studying information flow between interacting humans in a two-person approach. A scan environment enabling synchronized data acquisition and interaction-based fMRI tasks is described. We provide a generally applicable analysis method to identify interacting brain systems. Specific social brain systems are identified as drivers of interaction in humans, and we find a link to a measure of social expertise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1421831112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,6]],"date-time":"2015-04-06T22:23:05Z","timestamp":1428358985000},"page":"5207-5212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":151,"title":["Information flow between interacting human brains: Identification, validation, and relationship to social expertise"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Edda","family":"Bilek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aPsychiatry and Psychotherapy,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Ruf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aPsychiatry and Psychotherapy,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ceren","family":"Akdeniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aPsychiatry and Psychotherapy,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vince D.","family":"Calhoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM 87131; and"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Schmahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charmaine","family":"Demanuele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aPsychiatry and Psychotherapy,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Tost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aPsychiatry and Psychotherapy,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Meyer-Lindenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aPsychiatry and Psychotherapy,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1108155108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022337"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-013-3459-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17470218.2010.497843"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(02)00146-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2005.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17470919.2013.832374"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2012.00169"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1150"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1108062"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2007.00518.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P Mundy L Sullivan AM Mastergeorge A parallel and distributed-processing model of joint attention social cognition and autism. 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