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U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Carbon dioxide (CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) gradients are ubiquitous, but fluctuations in CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    provide an important cue shaping animal behavior. This paradox suggests that CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    provides contextual information that is integrated with other inputs. Here, we show that\n                    <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                    CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -sensing circuits are much more sophisticated than assumed hitherto. A surprisingly large number of neurons, including nociceptors, gustatory neurons, and olfactory neurons, respond to CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    in vivo. Glia also exhibit large Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    responses to CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Worms therefore may couple detection of CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and other cues at the earliest stages of sensory processing. Besides avoiding CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                    stops laying eggs at high CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Inhibition of oviposition involves sustained activation of the AWC olfactory neurons by CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and enduring inhibition of neurons innervating the egg-laying muscles.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1423808112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,22]],"date-time":"2015-06-22T22:01:34Z","timestamp":1435010494000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Environmental CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    inhibits\n                    <i>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/i>\n                    egg-laying by modulating olfactory neurons and evokes widespread changes in neural activity"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Lorenz A.","family":"Fenk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Biology Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge 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