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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Vitamin D deficiency is associated with HIV\/AIDS progression and mortality. Seasonal decline in UVB radiation, darkly pigmented skin, low nutritional vitamin D intake, and genetic variation can increase risk of deficiency. Cape Town, South Africa, has a seasonal UVB regime and one of the world\u2019s highest rates of HIV-1 infection, peaking in young adults. In two ethnically distinct groups of young adults in Cape Town we found high prevalence of seasonal vitamin D deficiency resulting from inadequate UVB exposure. This deficiency was associated with increased permissiveness of blood cells to HIV-1 infection which was reversed by vitamin D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    supplementation. Vitamin D may be a simple, cost-effective intervention, particularly in resource-poor settings, to reduce HIV-1 risk and disease progression.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1500909112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,15]],"date-time":"2015-06-15T23:01:21Z","timestamp":1434409281000},"page":"8052-8057","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["High-dose vitamin D\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    reduces deficiency caused by low UVB exposure and limits HIV-1 replication in urban Southern Africans"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"112","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7086-2621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna K.","family":"Coussens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celeste E.","family":"Naude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rene","family":"Goliath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Chaplin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802;"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802;"},{"name":"Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Studies, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa;"},{"name":"The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom;"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina G.","family":"Jablonski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802;"},{"name":"Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Studies, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008770"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6251551"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.07s211"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2009.00612.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.3.690"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00219689"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60588-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2702"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2008.00879.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2004.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)91124-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1123933"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","first-page":"1938","article-title":"LPS and HIV gp120 modulate monocyte\/macrophage CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 expression leading to vitamin D consumption and hypovitaminosis D in HIV-infected individuals","volume":"17","author":"Pinzone MR","year":"2013","unstructured":"MR Pinzone, , LPS and HIV gp120 modulate monocyte\/macrophage CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 expression leading to vitamin D consumption and hypovitaminosis D in HIV-infected individuals. 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