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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Current antiviral treatments for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are effective in suppressing production of virus, but they have poor efficacy in promoting the elimination of infection. Hence, most patients with chronic HBV infection are maintained on antiviral therapies indefinitely. There is much interest in identifying treatments that promote the clearance of infected hepatocytes, thus purging the HBV DNA reservoir in the liver. Here, we show that the clinical-stage drug birinapant, which antagonizes host cell inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (cIAPs), preferentially promotes the killing of HBV-infected hepatocytes in a mouse model of HBV. Therefore, birinapant and other antagonists of cIAPs may be efficacious in the treatment of chronic HBV infection and may promote elimination of virus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1502400112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,20]],"date-time":"2015-04-20T22:51:43Z","timestamp":1429570303000},"page":"5803-5808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Eliminating hepatitis B by antagonizing cellular inhibitors of apoptosis"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Gregor","family":"Ebert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity and Cell Signaling and Cell Death, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cody","family":"Allison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity and Cell Signaling and Cell Death, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Preston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity and Cell Signaling and Cell Death, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Cooney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity and Cell Signaling and Cell Death, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse G.","family":"Toe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity and Cell Signaling and Cell Death, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Stutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity and Cell Signaling and Cell Death, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samar","family":"Ojaimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity and Cell Signaling and Cell Death, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikola","family":"Baschuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science Technology and Engineering, School of Molecular Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, LaTrobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ueli","family":"Nachbur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity and Cell Signaling and Cell Death, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Torresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Department of Medicine, Austin Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Silke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity and Cell Signaling and Cell Death, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Glenn","family":"Begley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Division, TetraLogic Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Inc., Malvern, PA 19355"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity and Cell Signaling and Cell Death, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1502390112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0913498107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"118","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in rheumatic patients with hepatitis core antigen (HBV occult carriers) undergoing anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy","volume":"31","author":"Lee YH","year":"2013","unstructured":"YH Lee, SC Bae, GG Song, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in rheumatic patients with hepatitis core antigen (HBV occult carriers) undergoing anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy. 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