{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:14:25Z","timestamp":1781104465895,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"17","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Identifying translocations of the\n                    <jats:italic>MLL<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene at chromosome band 11q23 is important for the characterization and treatment of leukemia. However, cytogenetic analysis does not always find the translocations and the many partner genes of\n                    <jats:italic>MLL<\/jats:italic>\n                    make molecular detection difficult. We developed cDNA panhandle PCR to identify der(11) transcripts regardless of the partner gene. By reverse transcribing first-strand cDNAs with oligonucleotides containing coding sequence from the 5\u2032\n                    <jats:italic>MLL<\/jats:italic>\n                    breakpoint cluster region at the 5\u2032 ends and random hexamers at the 3\u2032 ends, known\n                    <jats:italic>MLL<\/jats:italic>\n                    sequence was attached to the unknown partner sequence. This enabled the formation of stem-loop templates with the fusion point of the chimeric transcript in the loop and the use of\n                    <jats:italic>MLL<\/jats:italic>\n                    primers in two-sided PCR. The assay was validated by detection of the known fusion transcript and the transcript from the normal\n                    <jats:italic>MLL<\/jats:italic>\n                    allele in the cell line MV4\u201311. cDNA panhandle PCR then was used to identify the fusion transcripts in two cases of treatment-related acute myeloid leukemia where the karyotypes were normal and the partner genes unknown. cDNA panhandle PCR revealed a fusion of\n                    <jats:italic>MLL<\/jats:italic>\n                    with\n                    <jats:italic>AF-10<\/jats:italic>\n                    in one case and a fusion of\n                    <jats:italic>MLL<\/jats:italic>\n                    with\n                    <jats:italic>ELL<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the other. Alternatively spliced transcripts and exon scrambling were detectable by the method. Leukemias with normal karyotypes may contain cryptic translocations of\n                    <jats:italic>MLL<\/jats:italic>\n                    with a variety of partner genes. cDNA panhandle PCR is useful for identifying\n                    <jats:italic>MLL<\/jats:italic>\n                    translocations and determining unknown partner sequences in the fusion transcripts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.150241797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:41:48Z","timestamp":1027680108000},"page":"9597-9602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Panhandle PCR for cDNA: A rapid method for isolation of\n                    <i>MLL<\/i>\n                    fusion transcripts involving unknown partner genes"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Maureen D.","family":"Megonigal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oncology, Joseph Stokes, Jr., Research Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52222; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90027"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric F.","family":"Rappaport","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oncology, Joseph Stokes, Jr., Research Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52222; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90027"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert B.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oncology, Joseph Stokes, Jr., Research Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52222; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90027"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas H.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oncology, Joseph Stokes, Jr., Research Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52222; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90027"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Whitlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oncology, Joseph Stokes, Jr., Research Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52222; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90027"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge A.","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oncology, Joseph Stokes, Jr., Research Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52222; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90027"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana J.","family":"Slater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oncology, Joseph Stokes, Jr., Research Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; 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