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We identify the underlying mechanism, which involves adenosine and prostaglandin and a rise in intracellular calcium, and show it is present in animal and human uterus, but only close to delivery. We speculate that aberrations in this powerful mechanism could underlie contractions being triggered too early (preterm labor) or if HIFI is deficient, weak contractions, and thus poor and unsuccessful term labors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1503497112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,20]],"date-time":"2015-07-20T20:23:40Z","timestamp":1437423820000},"page":"9763-9768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Hypoxia-induced force increase (HIFI) is a novel mechanism underlying the strengthening of labor contractions, produced by hypoxic stresses"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Harris\/Wellbeing Centre for Preterm Birth Research, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L8 7SS, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Arrowsmith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Harris\/Wellbeing Centre for Preterm Birth Research, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L8 7SS, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Wray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Harris\/Wellbeing Centre for Preterm Birth Research, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L8 7SS, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.21.11699"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(88)90100-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.0783p.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1940080107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92209-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2013-0086"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"177.e15-33","article-title":"A molecular signature of an arrest of descent in human parturition","volume":"204","author":"Mittal P","year":"2011","unstructured":"P Mittal, , A molecular signature of an arrest of descent in human parturition. 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