{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:59:13Z","timestamp":1791896353644,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"22","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a major cause of death for young children in Africa, which the World Health Organization has declared a public health priority. It is increasingly spreading outside of Africa because of population migrations, and, thus, it will become in the near future a global health concern. It is therefore important to understand how this genetic disorder is maintained in human populations. Although the association between\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    malaria and SCD is well known, the strength of this association is far from known. Using an extensive cohort of 3,959 persons, distributed over the entire Gabonese Republic, this study shows that\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    malaria continues to exert strong selective pressure in favor of the sickle cell allele.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1505665112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,4]],"date-time":"2015-05-04T22:02:32Z","timestamp":1430776952000},"page":"7051-7054","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Malaria continues to select for sickle cell trait in Central Africa"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Eric","family":"Elguero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, Evolution et Contr\u00f4le (Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5290, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier), 34295 Montpellier, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucr\u00e8ce M.","family":"D\u00e9licat-Loembet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, Evolution et Contr\u00f4le (Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5290, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier), 34295 Montpellier, France;"},{"name":"Evolutionary Parasitology Departement, Centre International de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville, BP 769 Franceville, Gabon;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginie","family":"Rougeron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, Evolution et Contr\u00f4le (Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5290, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier), 34295 Montpellier, France;"},{"name":"Evolutionary Parasitology Departement, Centre International de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville, BP 769 Franceville, Gabon;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Arnathau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, Evolution et Contr\u00f4le (Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5290, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier), 34295 Montpellier, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Roche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Mod\u00e9lisation Math\u00e9matique et Informatique des Syst\u00e8mes Complexes, Unit\u00e9 Mixte Internationale 209, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement, Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie, 93142 Bondy Cedex, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Becquart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, Evolution et Contr\u00f4le (Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5290, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier), 34295 Montpellier, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Paul","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"METABIOTA Inc., Emerging Diseases &amp; Biosecurity, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dieudonn\u00e9","family":"Nkoghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolutionary Parasitology Departement, Centre International de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville, BP 769 Franceville, Gabon;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Sica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolutionary Parasitology Departement, Centre International de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville, BP 769 Franceville, Gabon;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric M.","family":"Leroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, Evolution et Contr\u00f4le (Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5290, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier), 34295 Montpellier, France;"},{"name":"Evolutionary Parasitology Departement, Centre International de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville, BP 769 Franceville, Gabon;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Durand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, Evolution et Contr\u00f4le (Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5290, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier), 34295 Montpellier, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Ayala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Ollomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolutionary Parasitology Departement, Centre International de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville, BP 769 Franceville, Gabon;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Renaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, Evolution et Contr\u00f4le (Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5290, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier), 34295 Montpellier, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franck","family":"Prugnolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, Evolution et Contr\u00f4le (Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5290, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier), 34295 Montpellier, France;"},{"name":"Evolutionary Parasitology Departement, Centre International de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville, BP 769 Franceville, Gabon;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/136485907X154638"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61029-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.11474"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001484"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"792","article-title":"Allelomorphism and the chemical difference between the globins of normal human and sickle-cell anaemia haemoglobin","volume":"178","author":"Hunt JA","year":"1958","unstructured":"JA Hunt, VM Ingram, Allelomorphism and the chemical difference between the globins of normal human and sickle-cell anaemia haemoglobin. Nature 178, 792\u2013794 (1958).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4988.333"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2011.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2008.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.06.036673"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"663","volume-title":"Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries","author":"Weatherall D","year":"2006","unstructured":"D Weatherall, O Akinyanju, S Fucharoen, N Olivieri, P Musgrove, Inherited disorders of hemoglobin. Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, ed D Jamison (Oxford Univ Press, 2nd Ed, New York), pp. 663\u2013680 (2006).","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2014.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","first-page":"68","article-title":"Disease and evolution","volume":"35","author":"Haldane JBS","year":"1949","unstructured":"JBS Haldane, Disease and evolution. Ric Sci 35, 68\u201376 (1949).","journal-title":"Ric Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(54)90101-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2010.08419.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2011.16"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2010.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.388"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","volume-title":"Principles of Population Genetics","author":"Hartl DL","year":"1997","unstructured":"DL Hartl, AG Clark Principles of Population Genetics (Sinauer Associates, 3rd Ed, Sunderland, MA, 1997).","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","volume-title":"The Genetics of Human Populations","author":"Cavalli-Sforza LL","year":"1971","unstructured":"LL Cavalli-Sforza, WF Bodmer The Genetics of Human Populations (WH Freeman, San Francisco, 1971)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/430744"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2006.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2004.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/mbe.2012.9.877"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-6-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2014.2657"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/589287"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MK Bouyou-Akotet Falciparum malaria as an emerging cause of fever in adults living in Gabon Central Africa. BioMed Res Intl 2014:1\u20137. (2014).","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/351281"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18356\/02911eeb-en"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JT Stock Are humans still evolving? EMBO Rep 9(Suppl 1):S51\u2013S54. (2008).","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2008.63"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","volume-title":"The 10,000 Year Explosion. How Civilization Accelerated Human Evolution","author":"Cochran G","year":"2009","unstructured":"G Cochran, H Harpending The 10,000 Year Explosion. How Civilization Accelerated Human Evolution (Basic Books, New York, 2009)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1104210108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906199106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"Sedentary lifestyle and social relationship among Babongo in southern Gabon","volume":"33","author":"Matsuura N","year":"2006","unstructured":"N Matsuura, Sedentary lifestyle and social relationship among Babongo in southern Gabon. Afr Study Monogr 33(Suppl), 71\u201393 (2006).","journal-title":"Afr Study Monogr"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009126"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/180326a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","first-page":"103","article-title":"Diagnostic biologique des h\u00e9moglobinopathies par analyse du ph\u00e9notype [Biological diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies by phenotype analysis]","volume":"55","author":"Siguret V","year":"1997","unstructured":"V Siguret, JP Andreux, Diagnostic biologique des h\u00e9moglobinopathies par analyse du ph\u00e9notype [Biological diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies by phenotype analysis]. Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 55, 103\u2013112, French. (1997).","journal-title":"Ann Biol Clin (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","first-page":"417","article-title":"Hemoglobin typing by high performance liquid chromatography","volume":"28","author":"Tatu T","year":"1997","unstructured":"T Tatu, P Gategasem, P Hathirat, Hemoglobin typing by high performance liquid chromatography. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 28, 417\u2013423 (1997).","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000446"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","volume-title":"Categorical Data Analysis","author":"Agresti A","year":"1990","unstructured":"A Agresti Categorical Data Analysis (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1990)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-0318-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2013","unstructured":"; R Core Team R: A language and environment for statistical computing (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","unstructured":"D Bates M Maechler B Bolker S Walker lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using Eigen and S4. R package version 1 . 1\u20135. CRAN.R-project.org\/package=lme4. (2014)."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.1505665112","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T00:31:41Z","timestamp":1649809901000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1505665112"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,4]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.1505665112"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1505665112","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-05-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}