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We show that this process is controlled by sulfur radical ions (\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:msubsup>\n                            <mml:mtext>S<\/mml:mtext>\n                            <mml:mn>3<\/mml:mn>\n                            <mml:mo>\u2212<\/mml:mo>\n                          <\/mml:msubsup>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ), which strongly bind Au in aqueous solution at elevated temperatures and pressures and allow very efficient extraction, transport, and deposition of gold by geological fluids. Thus, the most inert metal of the periodic table may be very mobile, which explains key features of known gold deposits and offers new possibilities for resource prospecting. Furthermore, the high capacity of the radical ions to solubilize gold may be used for its selective extraction from ores and hydrothermal synthesis of Au-based nanomaterials.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1506378112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,13]],"date-time":"2015-10-13T17:25:16Z","timestamp":1444757116000},"page":"13484-13489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":169,"title":["Sulfur radical species form gold deposits on Earth"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Gleb S.","family":"Pokrovski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe M\u00e9tallog\u00e9nie Exp\u00e9rimentale, G\u00e9osciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), F-31400 Toulouse, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria A.","family":"Kokh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe M\u00e9tallog\u00e9nie Exp\u00e9rimentale, G\u00e9osciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), F-31400 Toulouse, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Guillaume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe M\u00e9tallog\u00e9nie Exp\u00e9rimentale, G\u00e9osciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), F-31400 Toulouse, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastassia Y.","family":"Borisova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe M\u00e9tallog\u00e9nie Exp\u00e9rimentale, G\u00e9osciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), F-31400 Toulouse, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Gisquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe M\u00e9tallog\u00e9nie Exp\u00e9rimentale, G\u00e9osciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), F-31400 Toulouse, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Louis","family":"Hazemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, Institut NEEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Lahera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble, Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, F-38400 Saint Martin d\u2019H\u00e8res, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Del Net","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble, Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, F-38400 Saint Martin d\u2019H\u00e8res, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Proux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble, Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, F-38400 Saint Martin d\u2019H\u00e8res, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Testemale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, Institut NEEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Haigis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, D\u00e9partement de Chimie, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Universit\u00e9 Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640 Pasteur, F-75005 Paris, France;"},{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, UPMC, Universit\u00e9 Paris 06 &amp; 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