{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T18:22:30Z","timestamp":1783966950656,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"39","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Mercury is a potent neurotoxin that accumulates in food webs, posing a global threat to environmental health. Marine mammals are common sentinel species for studying marine pollution; however, their potential role as vectors of contaminants to local ecosystems has rarely been addressed. By quantifying the concentration and chemical form of mercury in seawater affected by Northern elephant seal (\n                    <jats:italic>Mirounga angustirostris<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) colonization, we demonstrated here that marine mammal behavioral ecology can substantially influence nearshore mercury cycling. Elevated methylmercury (MeHg) levels in seawater adjacent to the rookery during the molting season may become bioavailable to lower trophic levels, indicating that large marine mammal assemblages represent an important source of MeHg to nearshore food chains and coastal marine fisheries, thereby threatening ecosystem health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1506520112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,8]],"date-time":"2015-09-08T22:21:21Z","timestamp":1441750881000},"page":"12058-12062","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Mercury offloaded in Northern elephant seal hair affects coastal seawater surrounding rookery"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Cossaboon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, WIGS Laboratory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5965-0230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priya M.","family":"Ganguli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, WIGS Laboratory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Russell","family":"Flegal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, WIGS Laboratory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es305071v"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5670\/oceanog.2014.11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es403103t"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.543"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/california\/9780520271630.003.0010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W McKelvey E Oken Mercury and public health: An assessment of human exposure. Mercury in the Environment: Pattern and Process (Univ. of California Press Berkeley CA) p 267. (2012).","DOI":"10.1525\/california\/9780520271630.003.0013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2006GB002876"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00397066"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4203(87)90074-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-4343(96)00045-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2014.04.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-008-8186-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01636543"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-326X(96)00073-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-013-1150-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(99)00261-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2008.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4203(02)00135-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520328150-003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1578\/AM.37.4.2011.486"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-012-9770-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2006.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.1960"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1992.tb04821.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.366"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N David Mercury concentrations and loads in a large river system tributary to San Francisco Bay California USA. Environ Toxicol Chem 28(10):2091\u20132100. (2009).","DOI":"10.1897\/08-482.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CH Conaway FJ Black TM Grieb S Roy AR Flegal Mercury in the San Francisco Estuary. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 2008;194:29\u201354. (2008).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-74816-0_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118502"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1578\/AM.40.1.2014.20"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","unstructured":"JV Carretta U.S. Pacific Marine Mammal Stock Assessments: 2009. Available at www.nmfs.noaa.gov\/pr\/pdfs\/sars\/po2009.pdf. (2009)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520320086","volume-title":"The Pinnipeds: Seals, sea lions, and walruses","author":"Riedman M","year":"1990","unstructured":"M Riedman The Pinnipeds: Seals, sea lions, and walruses (University of California Press, Berkeley), pp. 222\u2013263 (1990)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aqc.983"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2012.01900.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.19.110188.000315"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00008764"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00292064"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es960364k"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es981328j"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es051785h"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2008.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089305"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1101525108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps289285"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4203(09)90070-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2004.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","unstructured":"; US Environmental Protection Agency Method 1631 Revision E: Mercury in Water by Oxidation Purge and Trap and Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry. Available at nepis.epa.gov\/Exe\/ZyPDF.cgi\/P1008IW8.PDF?Dockey=P1008IW8.PDF. (2002)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","unstructured":"; US Environmental Protection Agency Method 1630: Methyl Mercury in Water by Distillation Aqueous Ethylation Purge and Trap and CVAFS. Available at nepis.epa.gov\/Exe\/ZyPDF.cgi\/P100IKBQ.PDF?Dockey=P100IKBQ.PDF. (1998)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es202783u"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.1506520112","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T23:55:37Z","timestamp":1649807737000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1506520112"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,8]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"39","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,29]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.1506520112"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1506520112","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-09-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}