{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:17:03Z","timestamp":1791825423895,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"37","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,8]],"date-time":"2015-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/site\/misc\/userlicense.xhtml"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BCS-1012438"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BCS-1012438"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This article presents the results of a large-scale National Science Foundation-funded study of organic residues from archaeological sites in the US Southwest\/Mexican Northwest. It reveals widespread use of two different caffeinated plants, cacao and holly, as the basis for drinks used in communal, ritual gatherings. This is the largest study of its kind, both in terms of numbers of samples and in terms of temporal\/spatial scope. It is the first to argue for holly beverage consumption in the US Southwest\/Mexican Northwest. The combined evidence for cacao and holly beverage consumption has implications for our understanding of distant resource acquisition and shared cultural practices in North America.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1511799112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,8]],"date-time":"2015-09-08T22:21:21Z","timestamp":1441750881000},"page":"11436-11442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Ritual drinks in the pre-Hispanic US Southwest and Mexican Northwest"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Patricia L.","family":"Crown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyan","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck Center for Instrumental and Biochemical Comparative Archaeology, Millsaps College, Jackson, MS 39210;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Jeffrey","family":"Hurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hershey Technical Center, Hershey, PA 17033;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck Center for Instrumental and Biochemical Comparative Archaeology, Millsaps College, Jackson, MS 39210;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ardith D.","family":"Bravenec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck Center for Instrumental and Biochemical Comparative Archaeology, Millsaps College, Jackson, MS 39210;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck Center for Instrumental and Biochemical Comparative Archaeology, Millsaps College, Jackson, MS 39210;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Kebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck Center for Instrumental and Biochemical Comparative Archaeology, Millsaps College, Jackson, MS 39210;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlaina","family":"Berch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck Center for Instrumental and Biochemical Comparative Archaeology, Millsaps College, Jackson, MS 39210;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Redman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck Center for Instrumental and Biochemical Comparative Archaeology, Millsaps College, Jackson, MS 39210;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick D.","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Merewether","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, CO 81321;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxwell Museum of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori S.","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aztec Ruins National Monument, Aztec, NM 87410;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Woodson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cultural Resource Management Program, Gila River Indian Community, Sacaton, AZ 85147"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0812817106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2011.02.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"Mexican Macaws: Comparative Osteology and Survey of Remains from the Southwest","author":"Hargrave LL","year":"1970","unstructured":"LL Hargrave Mexican Macaws: Comparative Osteology and Survey of Remains from the Southwest (Univ of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, 1970)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/282463"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1509825112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2014.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1208404109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2009.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"40","volume-title":"Black Drink: A Native American Tea","author":"Merrill WL","year":"1979","unstructured":"WL Merrill, The beloved tree: Ilex vomitoria among the Indians of the Southwest and adjacent regions. Black Drink: A Native American Tea, ed C Hudson (Univ of Georgia Press, Athens, GA), pp. 40\u201382 (1979)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8306.1969.tb00659.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1663\/0013-0001(2005)059[0275:DOMCII]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","volume-title":"The World of Caffeine","author":"Weinberg BA","year":"2001","unstructured":"BA Weinberg, BK Bealer The World of Caffeine (Routledge, New York, 2001)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7183\/1045-6635.24.3.345"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es061213c"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/40.1.45"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"36","article-title":"Chocolate consumption and cuisine from Chaco to colonial New Mexico","volume":"117","author":"Crown PL","year":"2012","unstructured":"PL Crown, Chocolate consumption and cuisine from Chaco to colonial New Mexico. El Palacio 117, 36\u201343 (2012).","journal-title":"El Palacio"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2012.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Chocolate in Mesoamerica: A Cultural History of Cacao","author":"McNeil CL","year":"2006","unstructured":"CL McNeil, Introduction. Chocolate in Mesoamerica: A Cultural History of Cacao, ed CL McNeil (Univ Press of Florida, Gainesville, FL), pp. 1\u201328 (2006)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Religious Transformation in the Late Pre-Hispanic Pueblo World","author":"McGuire RH","year":"2011","unstructured":"RH McGuire, Pueblo religion and the Mesoamerican connection. Religious Transformation in the Late Pre-Hispanic Pueblo World, eds DM Glowacki, S Van Keuren (Univ of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ), pp. 23\u201349 (2011)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","first-page":"339","volume-title":"The Archaeology of Chaco Canyon","author":"Nelson BA","year":"2006","unstructured":"BA Nelson, Mesoamerican objects and symbols in Chaco Canyon contexts. The Archaeology of Chaco Canyon, ed SH Lekson (SAR, Santa Fe, NM), pp. 339\u2013372 (2006)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","first-page":"318","volume-title":"Zuni Origins: Toward a New Synthesis of Southwestern Archaeology","author":"Vokes AW","year":"2007","unstructured":"AW Vokes, DA Gregory, Exchange networks for exotic goods in the Southwest and Zuni\u2019s place in them. Zuni Origins: Toward a New Synthesis of Southwestern Archaeology, eds DA Gregory, DR Wilcox (Univ of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ), pp. 318\u2013357 (2007)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","first-page":"127","volume-title":"Pueblo Bonito: The Center of the Chaco World","author":"Mathien J","year":"2003","unstructured":"J Mathien, Artifacts from Pueblo Bonito: One hundred years of interpretation. Pueblo Bonito: The Center of the Chaco World, ed J Neitzel (Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC), pp. 127\u2013142 (2003)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","first-page":"224","volume-title":"Chocolate in Mesoamerica: A Cultural History of Cacao","author":"McNeil CL","year":"2006","unstructured":"CL McNeil, WJ Hurst, RJ Sharer, The use and representation of cacao during the Classic Period at Copan, Honduras. Chocolate in Mesoamerica: A Cultural History of Cacao, ed CL McNeil (Univ Press of Florida, Gainesville, FL), pp. 224\u2013252 (2006)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110805871.213","volume-title":"Realm of the Extra Human: Ideas and Actions","author":"Waddell J","year":"1976","unstructured":"J Waddell, The place of the cactus wine ritual in the Papago Indian ecosystem. Realm of the Extra Human: Ideas and Actions, ed A Bharati (Mouton, The Hague), pp. 213\u2013228 (1976)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-0471-3_6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.anthro.35.081705.123120"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/syndication\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.1511799112","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.1511799112","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T23:59:31Z","timestamp":1649807971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1511799112"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,8]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"37","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.1511799112"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1511799112","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-09-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}