{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T01:52:10Z","timestamp":1793238730146,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,22]],"date-time":"2016-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1471824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":182,"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/preview_site\/misc\/userlicense.xhtml"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"HHS | NIH | National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20RR018754"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20RR018754"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Department of Industry, Innovation, Science, Research and Tertiary Education, Australian Government | Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FT110100234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FT110100234"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001381","name":"National Research Foundation-Prime Minister's office, Republic of Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-CRP10-2012-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-CRP10-2012-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Here we provide what is, to our knowledge, the first gene map of the type I IFN region of any bat species with the sequence of the type I IFN locus of the Australian black flying fox,\n                    <jats:italic>Pteropus alecto.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The bat IFN locus contains fewer IFN genes compared with any other mammal sequenced to date, including only three\n                    <jats:italic>IFN-\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes. We also demonstrate that bat\n                    <jats:italic>IFN-\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes are constitutively expressed in unstimulated bat tissues and cells and that their expression is unaffected by viral infection. This unusual pattern of\n                    <jats:italic>IFN-\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression has not been described in any other species to our knowledge and has important implications for the role of innate immunity in the ability of bats to coexist with viruses in the absence of disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1518240113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,22]],"date-time":"2016-02-22T23:23:41Z","timestamp":1456183421000},"page":"2696-2701","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":333,"title":["Contraction of the type I IFN locus and unusual constitutive expression of\n                    <i>IFN-\u03b1<\/i>\n                    in bats"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia;"},{"name":"Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke\u2013National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Tachedjian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James W.","family":"Wynne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8176-9951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke\u2013National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ina","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Cowled","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin H. J.","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia;"},{"name":"Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke\u2013National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Mok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojtek P.","family":"Michalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian H.","family":"Mendenhall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke\u2013National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilda","family":"Tachedjian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia;"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia;"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia;"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2752-0535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin-Fa","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia;"},{"name":"Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke\u2013National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle L.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00017-06","article-title":"Bats: Important reservoir hosts of emerging viruses","volume":"19","author":"Calisher CH","year":"2006","unstructured":"CH Calisher, JE Childs, HE Field, KV Holmes, T Schountz, Bats: Important reservoir hosts of emerging viruses. Clin Microbiol Rev 19, 531\u2013545 (2006).","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2007.03.002","article-title":"Experimental Nipah virus infection in pteropid bats (Pteropus poliocephalus)","volume":"136","author":"Middleton DJ","year":"2007","unstructured":"DJ Middleton, , Experimental Nipah virus infection in pteropid bats (Pteropus poliocephalus). J Comp Pathol 136, 266\u2013272 (2007).","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(98)80108-4","article-title":"Experimental rabies infection and oral vaccination in vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus)","volume":"16","author":"S\u00e9tien AA","year":"1998","unstructured":"AA S\u00e9tien, , Experimental rabies infection and oral vaccination in vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus). Vaccine 16, 1122\u20131126 (1998).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2012.01528.x","article-title":"Antiviral immune responses of bats: A review","volume":"60","author":"Baker ML","year":"2013","unstructured":"ML Baker, T Schountz, LF Wang, Antiviral immune responses of bats: A review. Zoonoses Public Health 60, 104\u2013116 (2013).","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2012.9","article-title":"The interferons and their receptors--distribution and regulation","volume":"90","author":"de Weerd NA","year":"2012","unstructured":"NA de Weerd, T Nguyen, The interferons and their receptors--distribution and regulation. Immunol Cell Biol 90, 483\u2013491 (2012).","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2012.0130","article-title":"Genomic analysis and mRNA expression of equine type I interferon genes","volume":"33","author":"Detournay O","year":"2013","unstructured":"O Detournay, DA Morrison, B Wagner, B Zarnegar, E Wattrang, Genomic analysis and mRNA expression of equine type I interferon genes. J Interferon Cytokine Res 33, 746\u2013759 (2013).","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2004.03.003","article-title":"Characterization of the type I interferon locus and identification of novel genes","volume":"84","author":"Hardy MP","year":"2004","unstructured":"MP Hardy, CM Owczarek, LS Jermiin, M Ejdeb\u00e4ck, PJ Hertzog, Characterization of the type I interferon locus and identification of novel genes. Genomics 84, 331\u2013345 (2004).","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.00204.x","article-title":"Interferons, interferon-like cytokines, and their receptors","volume":"202","author":"Pestka S","year":"2004","unstructured":"S Pestka, CD Krause, MR Walter, Interferons, interferon-like cytokines, and their receptors. Immunol Rev 202, 8\u201332 (2004).","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-10-187","article-title":"Characterization of the bovine type I IFN locus: Rearrangements, expansions, and novel subfamilies","volume":"10","author":"Walker AM","year":"2009","unstructured":"AM Walker, RM Roberts, Characterization of the bovine type I IFN locus: Rearrangements, expansions, and novel subfamilies. BMC Genomics 10, 187 (2009).","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2422","article-title":"Interferons at age 50: past, current and future impact on biomedicine","volume":"6","author":"Borden EC","year":"2007","unstructured":"EC Borden, , Interferons at age 50: past, current and future impact on biomedicine. Nat Rev Drug Discov 6, 975\u2013990 (2007).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1038\/303439a0","article-title":"Not more than 117 base pairs of 5\u2032-flanking sequence are required for inducible expression of a human IFN-alpha gene","volume":"303","author":"Ragg H","year":"1983","unstructured":"H Ragg, C Weissmann, Not more than 117 base pairs of 5\u2032-flanking sequence are required for inducible expression of a human IFN-alpha gene. Nature 303, 439\u2013442 (1983).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.45.2.417-423.1984","article-title":"Endogenous interferon production by endotoxin-responsive macrophages provides an autostimulatory differentiation signal","volume":"45","author":"Vogel SN","year":"1984","unstructured":"SN Vogel, D Fertsch, Endogenous interferon production by endotoxin-responsive macrophages provides an autostimulatory differentiation signal. Infect Immun 45, 417\u2013423 (1984).","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5038","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.14.5038","article-title":"Interferon messenger RNA is produced constitutively in the organs of normal individuals","volume":"84","author":"Tovey MG","year":"1987","unstructured":"MG Tovey, , Interferon messenger RNA is produced constitutively in the organs of normal individuals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84, 5038\u20135042 (1987).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.04.011","article-title":"Commensal bacteria calibrate the activation threshold of innate antiviral immunity","volume":"37","author":"Abt MC","year":"2012","unstructured":"MC Abt, , Commensal bacteria calibrate the activation threshold of innate antiviral immunity. Immunity 37, 158\u2013170 (2012).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2553","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.7.2553","article-title":"Endogenous IFN-alpha beta suppresses colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-1-stimulated macrophage DNA synthesis and mediates inhibitory effects of lipopolysaccharide and TNF-alpha","volume":"156","author":"Hamilton JA","year":"1996","unstructured":"JA Hamilton, GA Whitty, I Kola, PJ Hertzog, Endogenous IFN-alpha beta suppresses colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-1-stimulated macrophage DNA synthesis and mediates inhibitory effects of lipopolysaccharide and TNF-alpha. J Immunol 156, 2553\u20132557 (1996).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1038\/35073080","article-title":"A weak signal for strong responses: Interferon-alpha\/beta revisited","volume":"2","author":"Taniguchi T","year":"2001","unstructured":"T Taniguchi, A Takaoka, A weak signal for strong responses: Interferon-alpha\/beta revisited. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2, 378\u2013386 (2001).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.01.011","article-title":"Constitutive type I interferon modulates homeostatic balance through tonic signaling","volume":"36","author":"Gough DJ","year":"2012","unstructured":"DJ Gough, NL Messina, CJ Clarke, RW Johnstone, DE Levy, Constitutive type I interferon modulates homeostatic balance through tonic signaling. Immunity 36, 166\u2013174 (2012).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3435","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01805-08","article-title":"Differential regulation of human interferon A gene expression by interferon regulatory factors 3 and 7","volume":"29","author":"G\u00e9nin P","year":"2009","unstructured":"P G\u00e9nin, R Lin, J Hiscott, A Civas, Differential regulation of human interferon A gene expression by interferon regulatory factors 3 and 7. Mol Cell Biol 29, 3435\u20133450 (2009).","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.07.005","article-title":"The role of differential expression of human interferon--a genes in antiviral immunity","volume":"20","author":"G\u00e9nin P","year":"2009","unstructured":"P G\u00e9nin, A Vaccaro, A Civas, The role of differential expression of human interferon--a genes in antiviral immunity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 20, 283\u2013295 (2009).","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2751","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2013.203","article-title":"IFN\u03b2-dependent increases in STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9 mediate resistance to viruses and DNA damage","volume":"32","author":"Cheon H","year":"2013","unstructured":"H Cheon, , IFN\u03b2-dependent increases in STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9 mediate resistance to viruses and DNA damage. EMBO J 32, 2751\u20132763 (2013).","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1230835","article-title":"Comparative analysis of bat genomes provides insight into the evolution of flight and immunity","volume":"339","author":"Zhang G","year":"2013","unstructured":"G Zhang, , Comparative analysis of bat genomes provides insight into the evolution of flight and immunity. Science 339, 456\u2013460 (2013).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-11-444","article-title":"Chiropteran types I and II interferon genes inferred from genome sequencing traces by a statistical gene-family assembler","volume":"11","author":"Kepler TB","year":"2010","unstructured":"TB Kepler, , Chiropteran types I and II interferon genes inferred from genome sequencing traces by a statistical gene-family assembler. BMC Genomics 11, 444 (2010).","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5444","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03403-13","article-title":"Anti-lyssaviral activity of interferons \u03ba and \u03c9 from the serotine bat, Eptesicus serotinus","volume":"88","author":"He X","year":"2014","unstructured":"X He, , Anti-lyssaviral activity of interferons \u03ba and \u03c9 from the serotine bat, Eptesicus serotinus. J Virol 88, 5444\u20135454 (2014).","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1007\/s10528-010-9365-9","article-title":"Positive selection of the bat interferon alpha gene family","volume":"48","author":"He G","year":"2010","unstructured":"G He, B He, PA Racey, J Cui, Positive selection of the bat interferon alpha gene family. Biochem Genet 48, 840\u2013846 (2010).","journal-title":"Biochem Genet"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3138","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003115","article-title":"Type III IFNs in pteropid bats: Differential expression patterns provide evidence for distinct roles in antiviral immunity","volume":"186","author":"Zhou P","year":"2011","unstructured":"P Zhou, , Type III IFNs in pteropid bats: Differential expression patterns provide evidence for distinct roles in antiviral immunity. J Immunol 186, 3138\u20133147 (2011).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25385","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025385","article-title":"Type III IFN receptor expression and functional characterisation in the pteropid bat, Pteropus alecto","volume":"6","author":"Zhou P","year":"2011","unstructured":"P Zhou, , Type III IFN receptor expression and functional characterisation in the pteropid bat, Pteropus alecto. PLoS One 6, e25385 (2011).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e103875","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103875","article-title":"IRF7 in the Australian black flying fox, Pteropus alecto: Evidence for a unique expression pattern and functional conservation","volume":"9","author":"Zhou P","year":"2014","unstructured":"P Zhou, , IRF7 in the Australian black flying fox, Pteropus alecto: Evidence for a unique expression pattern and functional conservation. PLoS One 9, e103875 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.1998.18.805","article-title":"The evolution of the type I interferons","volume":"18","author":"Roberts RM","year":"1998","unstructured":"RM Roberts, L Liu, Q Guo, D Leaman, J Bixby, The evolution of the type I interferons. J Interferon Cytokine Res 18, 805\u2013816 (1998).","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.39.3.1019-1023.1983","article-title":"Component(s) of Sendai virus that can induce interferon in mouse spleen cells","volume":"39","author":"Ito Y","year":"1983","unstructured":"Y Ito, Y Hosaka, Component(s) of Sendai virus that can induce interferon in mouse spleen cells. Infect Immun 39, 1019\u20131023 (1983).","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22488","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022488","article-title":"Interferon production and signaling pathways are antagonized during henipavirus infection of fruit bat cell lines","volume":"6","author":"Virtue ER","year":"2011","unstructured":"ER Virtue, GA Marsh, ML Baker, LF Wang, Interferon production and signaling pathways are antagonized during henipavirus infection of fruit bat cell lines. PLoS One 6, e22488 (2011).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","first-page":"532","article-title":"Proteomics informed by transcriptomics reveals Hendra virus sensitizes bat cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis","volume":"15","author":"Wynne JW","year":"2014","unstructured":"JW Wynne, , Proteomics informed by transcriptomics reveals Hendra virus sensitizes bat cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Genome Biol 15, 532 (2014).","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87194","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087194","article-title":"A preliminary study of viral metagenomics of French bat species in contact with humans: Identification of new mammalian viruses","volume":"9","author":"Dacheux L","year":"2014","unstructured":"L Dacheux, , A preliminary study of viral metagenomics of French bat species in contact with humans: Identification of new mammalian viruses. PLoS One 9, e87194 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4497","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/19.16.4497","article-title":"Repression of the murine interferon alpha 11 gene: Identification of negatively acting sequences","volume":"19","author":"Civas A","year":"1991","unstructured":"A Civas, M Dion, G Vodjdani, J Doly, Repression of the murine interferon alpha 11 gene: Identification of negatively acting sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 19, 4497\u20134502 (1991).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2006.11.053","article-title":"Differential receptor subunit affinities of type I interferons govern differential signal activation","volume":"366","author":"Jaks E","year":"2007","unstructured":"E Jaks, M Gavutis, G Uz\u00e9, J Martal, J Piehler, Differential receptor subunit affinities of type I interferons govern differential signal activation. J Mol Biol 366, 525\u2013539 (2007).","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2013.03.006","article-title":"Bat Mx1 and Oas1, but not Pkr are highly induced by bat interferon and viral infection","volume":"40","author":"Zhou P","year":"2013","unstructured":"P Zhou, C Cowled, LF Wang, ML Baker, Bat Mx1 and Oas1, but not Pkr are highly induced by bat interferon and viral infection. Dev Comp Immunol 40, 240\u2013247 (2013).","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/377391a0","article-title":"Small genomes for better flyers","volume":"377","author":"Hughes AL","year":"1995","unstructured":"AL Hughes, MK Hughes, Small genomes for better flyers. Nature 377, 391 (1995).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2009.0016","article-title":"The genome sizes of megabats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) are remarkably constrained","volume":"5","author":"Smith JD","year":"2009","unstructured":"JD Smith, TR Gregory, The genome sizes of megabats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) are remarkably constrained. Biol Lett 5, 347\u2013351 (2009).","journal-title":"Biol Lett"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr315","article-title":"TimeTree2: Species divergence times on the iPhone","volume":"27","author":"Kumar S","year":"2011","unstructured":"S Kumar, SB Hedges, TimeTree2: Species divergence times on the iPhone. Bioinformatics 27, 2023\u20132024 (2011).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.03.004","article-title":"Induction and sequencing of Rousette bat interferon alpha and beta genes","volume":"124","author":"Omatsu T","year":"2008","unstructured":"T Omatsu, , Induction and sequencing of Rousette bat interferon alpha and beta genes. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 124, 169\u2013176 (2008).","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2010.0076","article-title":"Human MxA protein: An interferon-induced dynamin-like GTPase with broad antiviral activity","volume":"31","author":"Haller O","year":"2011","unstructured":"O Haller, G Kochs, Human MxA protein: An interferon-induced dynamin-like GTPase with broad antiviral activity. J Interferon Cytokine Res 31, 79\u201387 (2011).","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06553","article-title":"Tetherin inhibits retrovirus release and is antagonized by HIV-1 Vpu","volume":"451","author":"Neil SJ","year":"2008","unstructured":"SJ Neil, T Zang, PD Bieniasz, Tetherin inhibits retrovirus release and is antagonized by HIV-1 Vpu. Nature 451, 425\u2013430 (2008).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","first-page":"46321","article-title":"Characterization of interferon-alpha 13, a novel constitutive murine interferon-alpha subtype","volume":"278","author":"van Pesch V","year":"2003","unstructured":"V van Pesch, T Michiels, Characterization of interferon-alpha 13, a novel constitutive murine interferon-alpha subtype. J BiolChem 278, 46321\u201346328 (2003).","journal-title":"J BiolChem"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1233321","article-title":"Interferon-\u03b5 protects the female reproductive tract from viral and bacterial infection","volume":"339","author":"Fung KY","year":"2013","unstructured":"KY Fung, , Interferon-\u03b5 protects the female reproductive tract from viral and bacterial infection. Science 339, 1088\u20131092 (2013).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.83391-0","article-title":"Interferons and viruses: An interplay between induction, signalling, antiviral responses and virus countermeasures","volume":"89","author":"Randall RE","year":"2008","unstructured":"RE Randall, S Goodbourn, Interferons and viruses: An interplay between induction, signalling, antiviral responses and virus countermeasures. J Gen Virol 89, 1\u201347 (2008).","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2005.25.467","article-title":"A genomic analysis of chicken cytokines and chemokines","volume":"25","author":"Kaiser P","year":"2005","unstructured":"P Kaiser, , A genomic analysis of chicken cytokines and chemokines. J Interferon Cytokine Res 25, 467\u2013484 (2005).","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0565-1","article-title":"Conserved syntenic clusters of protein coding genes are missing in birds","volume":"15","author":"Lovell PV","year":"2014","unstructured":"PV Lovell, , Conserved syntenic clusters of protein coding genes are missing in birds. Genome Biol 15, 565 (2014).","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1086\/302219","article-title":"When less is more: Gene loss as an engine of evolutionary change","volume":"64","author":"Olson MV","year":"1999","unstructured":"MV Olson, When less is more: Gene loss as an engine of evolutionary change. Am J Hum Genet 64, 18\u201323 (1999).","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/16.6.562","article-title":"RDP: Detection of recombination amongst aligned sequences","volume":"16","author":"Martin D","year":"2000","unstructured":"D Martin, E Rybicki, RDP: Detection of recombination amongst aligned sequences. Bioinformatics 16, 562\u2013563 (2000).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syq010","article-title":"New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: Assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0","volume":"59","author":"Guindon S","year":"2010","unstructured":"S Guindon, , New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: Assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0. Syst Biol 59, 307\u2013321 (2010).","journal-title":"Syst Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msm088","article-title":"PAML 4: Phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood","volume":"24","author":"Yang Z","year":"2007","unstructured":"Z Yang, PAML 4: Phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood. Mol Biol Evol 24, 1586\u20131591 (2007).","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8266","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008266","article-title":"Establishment, immortalisation and characterisation of pteropid bat cell lines","volume":"4","author":"Crameri G","year":"2009","unstructured":"G Crameri, , Establishment, immortalisation and characterisation of pteropid bat cell lines. PLoS One 4, e8266 (2009).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp352","article-title":"The sequence alignment\/map format and SAMtools","volume":"25","author":"Li H","year":"2009","unstructured":"H Li, , The sequence alignment\/map format and SAMtools. Bioinformatics 25, 2078\u20132079 (2009).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.06.048","article-title":"Structural linkage between ligand discrimination and receptor activation by type I interferons","volume":"146","author":"Thomas C","year":"2011","unstructured":"C Thomas, , Structural linkage between ligand discrimination and receptor activation by type I interferons. Cell 146, 621\u2013632 (2011).","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/syndication\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.1518240113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.1518240113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T20:06:11Z","timestamp":1692216371000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1518240113"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,22]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.1518240113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1518240113","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-02-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}