{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T08:56:07Z","timestamp":1790672167854,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,28]],"date-time":"2015-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/preview_site\/misc\/userlicense.xhtml"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1348983"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1348983"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Ecological features shape people\u2019s goals, strategies, and behaviors. Our research suggests that social perceivers possess a lay understanding of ecology\u2019s influence on behavior, resulting in ecology-driven stereotypes. Moreover, because race is confounded with ecology in the United States, Americans\u2019 stereotypes about racial groups may actually reflect their stereotypes about these groups\u2019 presumed home ecologies. In a series of studies, we demonstrate that (\n                    <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) individuals possess ecology-driven stereotypes; (\n                    <jats:italic>ii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) these stereotypes are not derivative of race stereotypes; and (\n                    <jats:italic>iii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) the application of race stereotypes to targets is greatly diminished when more immediate cues to home ecology are present. These findings have important implications for the conceptualization of race stereotypes, as well as for reducing the application of pernicious stereotypes to individuals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1519401113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,28]],"date-time":"2015-12-28T22:34:01Z","timestamp":1451342041000},"page":"310-315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Ecology-driven stereotypes override race stereotypes"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Keelah E. G.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Sng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven L.","family":"Neuberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0074049"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01461672952111002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167201278007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","volume-title":"Cambridge Handbook of the Psychology of Prejudice","author":"Sng O","year":"2015","unstructured":"O Sng, KEG Williams, SL Neuberg, Evolutionary approaches to stereotyping and prejudice. Cambridge Handbook of the Psychology of Prejudice, eds CG Sibley, FK Barlow (Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, UK, in press. (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","volume-title":"The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception","author":"Gibson JJ","year":"1979","unstructured":"JJ Gibson The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception (Houghton, Mifflin and Company, Boston, MA, 1979)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.90.3.215"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Evolution and Social Psychology","author":"Zebrowitz LA","year":"2006","unstructured":"LA Zebrowitz, J Montepare, The ecological approach to person perception: evolutionary roots and contemporary offshoots. 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