{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T16:02:36Z","timestamp":1791648156754,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,17]],"date-time":"2017-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1500249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":181,"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/site\/misc\/userlicense.xhtml"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0814750"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0814750"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005246","name":"DoED | Institute of Education Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R305B090009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R305B090009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005246","name":"DoED | Institute of Education Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R305B140042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R305B140042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The need for students trained in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) jobs is growing rapidly in the United States, yet students do not enroll in the necessary courses to prepare for STEM careers. In a randomized controlled trial, parents in the utility\u2013value intervention group received materials detailing the importance of STEM for their adolescents in high school. The intervention increased mathematics and science ACT scores and course-taking in high school. This greater high-school STEM preparation was associated, 5 y later, with increased STEM career pursuit. These findings suggest that educational policies should promote the personal relevance of high-school mathematics and science courses and involve parents in helping to promote STEM preparation and career pursuit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1607386114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,17]],"date-time":"2017-01-17T22:01:19Z","timestamp":1484690479000},"page":"909-914","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":136,"title":["Utility-value intervention with parents increases students\u2019 STEM preparation and career pursuit"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Christopher S.","family":"Rozek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan C.","family":"Svoboda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Development and Social Policy Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith M.","family":"Harackiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53706;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris S.","family":"Hulleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Study of Teaching and Learning, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet S.","family":"Hyde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53706;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sce.20441"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"AP Carnevale N Smith M Melton STEM: Science Technology Engineering Mathematics. Available at eric.ed.gov\/?id=ED525297. Accessed October 7 2016. (2011)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"D Langdon G McKittrick D Beede B Khan M Doms STEM: Good Jobs Now and for the Future. ESA Issue Brief# 03-11. Available at: eric.ed.gov\/?id=ED522129. Accessed October 7 2016. (2011)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"; National Science Board Science and engineering indicators 2012 Available at https:\/\/www.nsf.gov\/statistics\/seind12\/. Accessed October 20 2015. (2012)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","unstructured":"; OECD Programme for international student assessment. Available at www.oecd.org\/pisa\/keyfindings\/pisa-2012-results.htm. October 20 2015. (2012)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"123","article-title":"Does globalization of the scientific\/engineering workforce threaten US economic leadership?","volume":"6","author":"Freeman RB","year":"2006","unstructured":"RB Freeman, Does globalization of the scientific\/engineering workforce threaten US economic leadership? Innov Pol Econ Volume 6 6, 123\u2013158 (2006).","journal-title":"Innov Pol Econ Volume 6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"82","article-title":"Employment outlook: 2008-18-occupational employment projections to 2018","volume":"132","author":"Lacey TA","year":"2009","unstructured":"TA Lacey, B Wright, Employment outlook: 2008-18-occupational employment projections to 2018. Mon Labor Rev 132, 82\u2013123 (2009).","journal-title":"Mon Labor Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","unstructured":"; ACT The condition of college and career readiness ACT national report. Available at https:\/\/act.org\/newsroom\/data\/2013\/. Accessed October 20 2015. (2013)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X15603982"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","unstructured":"B Dalton SJ Ingels L Fritch High School Longitudinal Study of 2009 (HSLS: 09). 2013 Update and High School Transcript Study: A First Look at Fall 2009 Ninth-Graders in 2013. NCES 2015-037. Available at eric.ed.gov\/?id=ED557571. Accessed October 7 2016. (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","unstructured":"C Adelman The Toolbox Revisited: Paths to Degree Completion From High School Through College. Available at eric.ed.gov\/?id=ED490195. Accessed October 7 2016. (2006)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1556-6678.2002.tb00213.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","unstructured":"JS Eccles Expectancies values and academic behavior. Achievement and Achievement Motivation ed Spence JT (WH Freeman San Francisco CA) pp 75\u2013146. (1983)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.42.1.70"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1041-6080(96)90016-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2372732216655542"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654315617832"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.99.3.597"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-014-9419-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1177067"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pspp0000075"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/mot0000015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/S0749-742320140000018002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691615607064"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JE Jacobs JS Eccles Parents task values and real-life achievement-related choices. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation: The Search for Optimal Motivation and Performance eds Samsone C Harackiewicz JM (Academic San Diego CA) pp 405\u2013439. (2000).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012619070-0\/50036-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Routledge International Handbook of Social Psychology of the Classroom","author":"Lazarides R","year":"2015","unstructured":"R Lazarides, J Harackiewicz, E Canning, L Pesu, J Vilaranta, The role of parents in students\u2019 motivational beliefs and values. Routledge International Handbook of Social Psychology of the Classroom, eds CR Rubie-Davies, J Stephens, P Watson (Routledge, London), pp. 53\u201366 (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027468"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tea.21246"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","article-title":"The role of mothers\u2019 communication in promoting motivation for math and science course-taking in high school","author":"Hyde JS","year":"2016","unstructured":"JS Hyde, , The role of mothers\u2019 communication in promoting motivation for math and science course-taking in high school. J Res Adolesc, February 1, 2016).","journal-title":"J Res Adolesc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/foc.2014.0003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797611435530"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0036981"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1170769"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.40.3.879"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","first-page":"243","volume-title":"Advanced Structural Equation Modeling: Issues and Techniques","author":"Arbuckle J","year":"1996","unstructured":"J Arbuckle, Full information estimation in the presence of incomplete data. Advanced Structural Equation Modeling: Issues and Techniques, eds G Marcoulides, R Schumacker (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Mahwah, NJ), pp. 243\u2013277 (1996)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.7.4.422"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03637750903310360"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1187\/cbe.16-01-0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Family-School Links: How Do They Affect Educational Outcomes","author":"Eccles J","year":"1996","unstructured":"J Eccles, R Harold, Family involvement in children\u2019s and adolescents\u2019 schooling. Family-School Links: How Do They Affect Educational Outcomes, eds A Booth, F Dunn (Routeledge, New York), pp. 3\u201334 (1996)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015362"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","unstructured":"SF Reardon The widening academic achievement gap between the rich and the poor: New evidence and possible explanations. Whither Opportunity: Rising Inequality Schools and Children\u2019s Life Chances eds Murnane R Duncan GJ (Russell Sage Foundation New York) pp 91\u2013116. (2011)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"A parent-directed language intervention for children of low socioeconomic status: A randomized controlled pilot study","volume":"43","author":"Suskind DL","year":"2015","unstructured":"DL Suskind, , A parent-directed language intervention for children of low socioeconomic status: A randomized controlled pilot study. J Child Lang 43, 1\u201341 (2015).","journal-title":"J Child Lang"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026595011371"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","volume-title":"STEM Education: Preparing for the Jobs of the Future. S","author":"Casey B","year":"2012","unstructured":"B Casey STEM Education: Preparing for the Jobs of the Future. S (US Congress Joint Economic Committee, Washington, DC, 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","unstructured":"US Census Bureau (2010) QuickFacts: Wisconsin. Available at www.census.gov\/quickfacts\/table\/PST045215\/55. Accessed December 30 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6402.1995.tb00291.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","volume-title":"20 Facts on Women Workers","author":"U.S. Department of Labor","year":"1993","unstructured":"; U.S. Department of Labor 20 Facts on Women Workers (US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1993)."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/syndication\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.1607386114","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.1607386114","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T01:02:30Z","timestamp":1649811750000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1607386114"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,17]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.1607386114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1607386114","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-01-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}