{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:37:23Z","timestamp":1791895043259,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"48","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,14]],"date-time":"2017-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":181,"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/site\/misc\/userlicense.xhtml"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Key Program Grant","award":["31530083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31530083"]}]},{"name":"National 973 Program of China Grant","award":["2013CB733904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013CB733904"]}]},{"name":"National Special Project on Research and Development of Key Biosafety Technologies","award":["2016YFC1200104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC1200104"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) General Program Grant","award":["31270133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31270133"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) General Program Grant","award":["31470194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31470194"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) General Program Grant","award":["31371259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31371259"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) General Program Grant","award":["81471904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81471904"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) General Program Grant","award":["31270003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31270003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cholera, a major disease in human history, has terrorized the world through seven pandemics. The seventh pandemic started in Indonesia in 1961 and spread globally, currently infecting 3\u20135 million people annually. By combining all available historical records and genomic analysis of available preseventh pandemic and some early pandemic strains, we revealed the complex six-step evolution of the pandemic strain from its probable origin in South Asia to its nonpathogenic form in the Middle East in \u223c1900 to Indonesia in \u223c1925, where it evolved into a pandemic strain before becoming widespread in 1961. This pathway relates to human traffic routes, including the annual Hajj pilgrimage, and involved novel niches that provided gene sources and the driving forces for stepwise evolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1608732113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,14]],"date-time":"2016-11-14T22:30:41Z","timestamp":1479162641000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":192,"title":["Origins of the current seventh cholera pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Dalong","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, People\u2019s Republic of China;"},{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, People\u2019s Republic of China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, People\u2019s Republic of China;"},{"name":"Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochip, Tianjin 300457, People\u2019s Republic of China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, People\u2019s Republic of China;"},{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, People\u2019s Republic of China;"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300457, People\u2019s Republic of China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, People\u2019s Republic of China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, People\u2019s Republic of China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, People\u2019s Republic of China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boyang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, People\u2019s Republic of China;"},{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, People\u2019s Republic of China;"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300457, People\u2019s Republic of China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter R.","family":"Reeves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, People\u2019s Republic of China;"},{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, People\u2019s Republic of China;"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300457, People\u2019s Republic of China;"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-9688-9","volume-title":"Cholera","author":"Barua D","year":"1992","unstructured":"D Barua, History of cholera. Cholera, eds D Barua, III WB Greenough (Plenum, New York), pp. 1\u201336 (1992)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.11.093427","article-title":"The global burden of cholera","volume":"90","author":"Ali M","year":"2012","unstructured":"M Ali, , The global burden of cholera. Bull World Health Organ 90, 209\u2013218A (2012).","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","volume-title":"Epidemiological Update - Cholera - 18 February 2014","author":"Pan American Health Organization and World Health Organization","year":"2014","unstructured":"; Pan American Health Organization and World Health Organization Epidemiological Update - Cholera - 18 February 2014 (Pan American Health Organization\/World Health Organization, Washington, DC, 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00432-11","article-title":"Phenotypic, genotypic, and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of strains isolated from the cholera epidemic in Zimbabwe","volume":"49","author":"Islam MS","year":"2011","unstructured":"MS Islam, , Phenotypic, genotypic, and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of strains isolated from the cholera epidemic in Zimbabwe. J Clin Microbiol 49, 2325\u20132327 (2011).","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60436-X","article-title":"Cholera","volume":"379","author":"Harris JB","year":"2012","unstructured":"JB Harris, RC LaRocque, F Qadri, ET Ryan, SB Calderwood, Cholera. Lancet 379, 2466\u20132476 (2012).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2003.08.004","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharides of Vibrio cholerae. I. Physical and chemical characterization","volume":"1639","author":"Chatterjee SN","year":"2003","unstructured":"SN Chatterjee, K Chaudhuri, Lipopolysaccharides of Vibrio cholerae. I. Physical and chemical characterization. Biochim Biophys Acta 1639, 65\u201379 (2003).","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1308663","article-title":"Second-pandemic strain of Vibrio cholerae from the Philadelphia cholera outbreak of 1849","volume":"370","author":"Devault AM","year":"2014","unstructured":"AM Devault, , Second-pandemic strain of Vibrio cholerae from the Philadelphia cholera outbreak of 1849. N Engl J Med 370, 334\u2013340 (2014).","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4053","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004053","article-title":"A recalibrated molecular clock and independent origins for the cholera pandemic clones","volume":"3","author":"Feng L","year":"2008","unstructured":"L Feng, , A recalibrated molecular clock and independent origins for the cholera pandemic clones. PLoS One 3, e4053 (2008).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1111.041170","article-title":"Vibrio cholerae pathogenic clones","volume":"11","author":"Salim A","year":"2005","unstructured":"A Salim, R Lan, PR Reeves, Vibrio cholerae pathogenic clones. Emerg Infect Dis 11, 1758\u20131760 (2005).","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02272790","article-title":"Vibrio research in the Hejaz in connection with the El Tor Problem","volume":"10","author":"Abdoelrachman R","year":"1944","unstructured":"R Abdoelrachman, Vibrio research in the Hejaz in connection with the El Tor Problem. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 10, 93\u2013100 (1944).","journal-title":"Antonie van Leeuwenhoek"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.2413.735","article-title":"Researches on the bacteriological diagnosis of cholera, carried out by medical officers of the sanitary, maritime and quarantine council of Egypt","volume":"1","author":"Ruffer MA","year":"1907","unstructured":"MA Ruffer, Researches on the bacteriological diagnosis of cholera, carried out by medical officers of the sanitary, maritime and quarantine council of Egypt. BMJ 1, 735\u2013742 (1907).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","first-page":"771","article-title":"Een cholera-achtlge vibrio als verwekster van een klinisch op echte asiatische cholera gelijkend ziekteproces","volume":"53","author":"Flu PC","year":"1913","unstructured":"PC Flu, Een cholera-achtlge vibrio als verwekster van een klinisch op echte asiatische cholera gelijkend ziekteproces. Geneeskundig Tijdschrift Voor Nederlandsch-Indie 53, 771 (1913).","journal-title":"Geneeskundig Tijdschrift Voor Nederlandsch-Indie"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","first-page":"2534","article-title":"Rapport sur le pelerinage de 1938 [Report on the pilgrimage or 1938)","volume":"30","author":"Gilmour M","year":"1938","unstructured":"M Gilmour, Rapport sur le pelerinage de 1938 [Report on the pilgrimage or 1938). Bull Mens Soc Med Mil Fr 30, 2534\u20132536 (1938).","journal-title":"Bull Mens Soc Med Mil Fr"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","first-page":"371","article-title":"Public health weekly reports for March 15, 1912","volume":"27","author":"Geddings HD","year":"1912","unstructured":"HD Geddings, Public health weekly reports for March 15, 1912. Public Health Rep 27, 371\u2013419 (1912).","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02217420","article-title":"Uber Cholera and cholerazhnliche Vibrionen unter den aus Mekka zuriickkehrenden Pilgern","volume":"53","author":"Gotschlich F","year":"1906","unstructured":"F Gotschlich, Uber Cholera and cholerazhnliche Vibrionen unter den aus Mekka zuriickkehrenden Pilgern. Z Hyg Infektionskr 53, 281\u2013304 (1906).","journal-title":"Z Hyg Infektionskr"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"A comparison of Vibrio cholerae pacini and Vibrio El Tor pribram","volume":"15","author":"Hugh R","year":"1965","unstructured":"R Hugh, A comparison of Vibrio cholerae pacini and Vibrio El Tor pribram. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 15, 61\u201368 (1965).","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1959.8.72","article-title":"Notes on paracholera in Sulawesi (Celebes)","volume":"8","author":"Tanamal ST","year":"1959","unstructured":"ST Tanamal, Notes on paracholera in Sulawesi (Celebes). Am J Trop Med Hyg 8, 72\u201378 (1959).","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1963.12.388","article-title":"Problems of cholera (El Tor)","volume":"12","author":"Mukerjee S","year":"1963","unstructured":"S Mukerjee, Problems of cholera (El Tor). Am J Trop Med Hyg 12, 388\u2013392 (1963).","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","first-page":"5","article-title":"Paracholera (E1 Tor): Enteritis choleriformis E1 Tor van Loghem","volume":"2","author":"de Moor CE","year":"1949","unstructured":"CE de Moor, Paracholera (E1 Tor): Enteritis choleriformis E1 Tor van Loghem. Bull World Health Organ 2, 5\u201317 (1949).","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1128\/br.28.1.72-86.1964","article-title":"Present status of the El Tor Vibrio problem","volume":"28","author":"Felsenfeld O","year":"1964","unstructured":"O Felsenfeld, Present status of the El Tor Vibrio problem. Bacteriol Rev 28, 72\u201386 (1964).","journal-title":"Bacteriol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","unstructured":"O Felsenfeld Some observations on the cholera (El Tor) epidemic in 1961-1962. Bull World Health Organ 28 289\u2013296 (1963)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10392","article-title":"Evidence for several waves of global transmission in the seventh cholera pandemic","volume":"477","author":"Mutreja A","year":"2011","unstructured":"A Mutreja, , Evidence for several waves of global transmission in the seventh cholera pandemic. Nature 477, 462\u2013465 (2011).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2015.03.010","article-title":"Whole-genome sequence comparisons reveal the evolution of Vibrio cholerae O1","volume":"23","author":"Kim EJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"EJ Kim, CH Lee, GB Nair, DW Kim, Whole-genome sequence comparisons reveal the evolution of Vibrio cholerae O1. Trends Microbiol 23, 479\u2013489 (2015).","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005072","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1005072","article-title":"The role of China in the global spread of the current cholera pandemic","volume":"11","author":"Didelot X","year":"2015","unstructured":"X Didelot, , The role of China in the global spread of the current cholera pandemic. PLoS Genet 11, e1005072 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.55.9.2093-2102.1987","article-title":"In vivo adherence and colonization of Vibrio cholerae strains that differ in hemagglutinating activity and motility","volume":"55","author":"Teppema JS","year":"1987","unstructured":"JS Teppema, PA Guin\u00e9e, AA Ibrahim, M P\u00e2ques, EJ Ruitenberg, In vivo adherence and colonization of Vibrio cholerae strains that differ in hemagglutinating activity and motility. Infect Immun 55, 2093\u20132102 (1987).","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e88","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040088","article-title":"Relaxed phylogenetics and dating with confidence","volume":"4","author":"Drummond AJ","year":"2006","unstructured":"AJ Drummond, SY Ho, MJ Phillips, A Rambaut, Relaxed phylogenetics and dating with confidence. PLoS Biol 4, e88 (2006).","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"[The centenary of the discovery of the vibrio El Tor (1905) or dubious beginnings of the seventh pandemic of cholera]","volume":"41","author":"Chastel C","year":"2007","unstructured":"C Chastel, [The centenary of the discovery of the vibrio El Tor (1905) or dubious beginnings of the seventh pandemic of cholera]. Hist Sci Med 41, 71\u201382 (2007).","journal-title":"Hist Sci Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","first-page":"181","article-title":"Circulation and transmission of clones of Vibrio cholerae during cholera outbreaks","volume":"379","author":"Stine OC","year":"2014","unstructured":"OC Stine, Jr JG Morris, Circulation and transmission of clones of Vibrio cholerae during cholera outbreaks. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 379, 181\u2013193 (2014).","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","first-page":"363","article-title":"Cholera, the flickering flame","volume":"70","author":"Bryceson AD","year":"1977","unstructured":"AD Bryceson, Cholera, the flickering flame. Proc R Soc Med 70, 363\u2013365 (1977).","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5260","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00378-11","article-title":"Protection and attachment of Vibrio cholerae mediated by the toxin-coregulated pilus in the infant mouse model","volume":"193","author":"Krebs SJ","year":"2011","unstructured":"SJ Krebs, RK Taylor, Protection and attachment of Vibrio cholerae mediated by the toxin-coregulated pilus in the infant mouse model. J Bacteriol 193, 5260\u20135270 (2011).","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00492.x","article-title":"TcpA pilin sequences and colonization requirements for O1 and O139 vibrio cholerae","volume":"13","author":"Rhine JA","year":"1994","unstructured":"JA Rhine, RK Taylor, TcpA pilin sequences and colonization requirements for O1 and O139 vibrio cholerae. Mol Microbiol 13, 1013\u20131020 (1994).","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2008.01385.x","article-title":"Importation of the major pilin TcpA gene and frequent recombination drive the divergence of the Vibrio pathogenicity island in Vibrio cholerae","volume":"289","author":"Tay CY","year":"2008","unstructured":"CY Tay, PR Reeves, R Lan, Importation of the major pilin TcpA gene and frequent recombination drive the divergence of the Vibrio pathogenicity island in Vibrio cholerae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 289, 210\u2013218 (2008).","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3134","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.6.3134","article-title":"A Vibrio cholerae pathogenicity island associated with epidemic and pandemic strains","volume":"95","author":"Karaolis DKR","year":"1998","unstructured":"DKR Karaolis, , A Vibrio cholerae pathogenicity island associated with epidemic and pandemic strains. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95, 3134\u20133139 (1998).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e86264","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086264","article-title":"Genomic and phenotypic characterization of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 isolates from a US Gulf Coast cholera outbreak","volume":"9","author":"Haley BJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"BJ Haley, , Genomic and phenotypic characterization of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 isolates from a US Gulf Coast cholera outbreak. PLoS One 9, e86264 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.8.1.48","article-title":"Cholera","volume":"8","author":"Kaper JB","year":"1995","unstructured":"JB Kaper, Jr JG Morris, MM Levine, Cholera. Clin Microbiol Rev 8, 48\u201386 (1995).","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3315","article-title":"Citrobacter rodentium: Infection, inflammation and the microbiota","volume":"12","author":"Collins JW","year":"2014","unstructured":"JW Collins, , Citrobacter rodentium: Infection, inflammation and the microbiota. Nat Rev Microbiol 12, 612\u2013623 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3571","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.9.3571-3576.1997","article-title":"Comparison of immune responses in patients infected with Vibrio cholerae O139 and O1","volume":"65","author":"Qadri F","year":"1997","unstructured":"F Qadri, , Comparison of immune responses in patients infected with Vibrio cholerae O139 and O1. Infect Immun 65, 3571\u20133576 (1997).","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.04.001","article-title":"Humoral immunity in the gut selectively targets phenotypically virulent attaching-and-effacing bacteria for intraluminal elimination","volume":"17","author":"Kamada N","year":"2015","unstructured":"N Kamada, , Humoral immunity in the gut selectively targets phenotypically virulent attaching-and-effacing bacteria for intraluminal elimination. Cell Host Microbe 17, 617\u2013627 (2015).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1222195","article-title":"Regulated virulence controls the ability of a pathogen to compete with the gut microbiota","volume":"336","author":"Kamada N","year":"2012","unstructured":"N Kamada, , Regulated virulence controls the ability of a pathogen to compete with the gut microbiota. Science 336, 1325\u20131329 (2012).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1906.120345","article-title":"Vibrio cholerae O1 isolate with novel genetic background, Thailand-Myanmar","volume":"19","author":"Okada K","year":"2013","unstructured":"K Okada, A Roobthaisong, W Swaddiwudhipong, S Hamada, S Chantaroj, Vibrio cholerae O1 isolate with novel genetic background, Thailand-Myanmar. Emerg Infect Dis 19, 1015\u20131017 (2013).","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.042667999","article-title":"Comparative genomic analysis of Vibrio cholerae: Genes that correlate with cholera endemic and pandemic disease","volume":"99","author":"Dziejman M","year":"2002","unstructured":"M Dziejman, , Comparative genomic analysis of Vibrio cholerae: Genes that correlate with cholera endemic and pandemic disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99, 1556\u20131561 (2002).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.01.053","article-title":"Coordinated regulation of accessory genetic elements produces cyclic di-nucleotides for V. cholerae virulence","volume":"149","author":"Davies BW","year":"2012","unstructured":"BW Davies, RW Bogard, TS Young, JJ Mekalanos, Coordinated regulation of accessory genetic elements produces cyclic di-nucleotides for V. cholerae virulence. Cell 149, 358\u2013370 (2012).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1120096","article-title":"Chitin induces natural competence in Vibrio cholerae","volume":"310","author":"Meibom KL","year":"2005","unstructured":"KL Meibom, M Blokesch, NA Dolganov, CY Wu, GK Schoolnik, Chitin induces natural competence in Vibrio cholerae. Science 310, 1824\u20131827 (2005).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2015.07.001","article-title":"Genetic relatedness of selected clinical and environmental non-O1\/O139 Vibrio cholerae","volume":"37","author":"Aydanian A","year":"2015","unstructured":"A Aydanian, , Genetic relatedness of selected clinical and environmental non-O1\/O139 Vibrio cholerae. Int J Infect Dis 37, 152\u2013158 (2015).","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65342","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065342","article-title":"Population structure and evolution of non-O1\/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae by multilocus sequence typing","volume":"8","author":"Octavia S","year":"2013","unstructured":"S Octavia, , Population structure and evolution of non-O1\/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae by multilocus sequence typing. PLoS One 8, e65342 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4987","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01021-14","article-title":"Distribution of virulence-associated genes and genetic relationships in non-O1\/O139 Vibrio cholerae aquatic isolates from China","volume":"80","author":"Li F","year":"2014","unstructured":"F Li, , Distribution of virulence-associated genes and genetic relationships in non-O1\/O139 Vibrio cholerae aquatic isolates from China. Appl Environ Microbiol 80, 4987\u20134992 (2014).","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00708","article-title":"Highly diverse recombining populations of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in French Mediterranean coastal lagoons","volume":"6","author":"Esteves K","year":"2015","unstructured":"K Esteves, , Highly diverse recombining populations of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in French Mediterranean coastal lagoons. Front Microbiol 6, 708 (2015).","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17801","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705599104","article-title":"Viable but nonculturable Vibrio cholerae O1 in biofilms in the aquatic environment and their role in cholera transmission","volume":"104","author":"Alam M","year":"2007","unstructured":"M Alam, , Viable but nonculturable Vibrio cholerae O1 in biofilms in the aquatic environment and their role in cholera transmission. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104, 17801\u201317806 (2007).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6674","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.10.6674-6679.2005","article-title":"Hyperinfectivity of human-passaged Vibrio cholerae can be modeled by growth in the infant mouse","volume":"73","author":"Alam A","year":"2005","unstructured":"A Alam, , Hyperinfectivity of human-passaged Vibrio cholerae can be modeled by growth in the infant mouse. Infect Immun 73, 6674\u20136679 (2005).","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0913404107","article-title":"Quorum-regulated biofilms enhance the development of conditionally viable, environmental Vibrio cholerae","volume":"107","author":"Kamruzzaman M","year":"2010","unstructured":"M Kamruzzaman, , Quorum-regulated biofilms enhance the development of conditionally viable, environmental Vibrio cholerae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107, 1588\u20131593 (2010).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-515-2_10","article-title":"Analyzing patterns of microbial evolution using the mauve genome alignment system","volume":"396","author":"Darling AE","year":"2007","unstructured":"AE Darling, TJ Treangen, X Messeguer, NT Perna, Analyzing patterns of microbial evolution using the mauve genome alignment system. Methods Mol Biol 396, 135\u2013152 (2007).","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2688","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl446","article-title":"RAxML-VI-HPC: Maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models","volume":"22","author":"Stamatakis A","year":"2006","unstructured":"A Stamatakis, RAxML-VI-HPC: Maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 22, 2688\u20132690 (2006).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3422","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti553","article-title":"ACT: The Artemis Comparison Tool","volume":"21","author":"Carver TJ","year":"2005","unstructured":"TJ Carver, , ACT: The Artemis Comparison Tool. Bioinformatics 21, 3422\u20133423 (2005).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.23.3.652-654.1986","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of non-O1 Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio mimicus in the US Gulf Coast region","volume":"23","author":"Kaper JB","year":"1986","unstructured":"JB Kaper, JP Nataro, NC Roberts, RJ Siebeling, HB Bradford, Molecular epidemiology of non-O1 Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio mimicus in the US Gulf Coast region. J Clin Microbiol 23, 652\u2013654 (1986).","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","first-page":"1156","article-title":"Turkey\u2014the quaranteen camp at El Tor","volume":"17","author":"Long JG","year":"1902","unstructured":"JG Long, Turkey\u2014the quaranteen camp at El Tor. Public Health Rep 17, 1156\u20131159 (1902).","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15442","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0907787106","article-title":"Comparative genomics reveals mechanism for short-term and long-term clonal transitions in pandemic Vibrio cholerae","volume":"106","author":"Chun J","year":"2009","unstructured":"J Chun, , Comparative genomics reveals mechanism for short-term and long-term clonal transitions in pandemic Vibrio cholerae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106, 15442\u201315447 (2009).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(51)92432-4","article-title":"El Tor Vibrio in chloramphenicol estimation","volume":"257","author":"Doorenbos W","year":"1951","unstructured":"W Doorenbos, J Kop, El Tor Vibrio in chloramphenicol estimation. Lancet 257, 691 (1951).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004486409_005","volume-title":"Authority and Enterprise Among the Peoples of South Sulawesi","author":"Sutherland H","year":"2000","unstructured":"H Sutherland, Trepang and wangkang\u2014the China trade of eighteenth-century Makassar c. 1720s-1840s. Authority and Enterprise Among the Peoples of South Sulawesi, eds R Tol, C van Dijk, G Acciaioli (KITLV, Leiden, The Netherlands), pp. 73\u201394 (2000)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","volume-title":"Boats to Burn, Bajo Fishing Activity in the Australian Fishing Zone","author":"Stacey N","year":"2007","unstructured":"N Stacey Boats to Burn, Bajo Fishing Activity in the Australian Fishing Zone (ANU E, Canberra, Australia, 2007)."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/syndication\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.1608732113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.1608732113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T18:35:00Z","timestamp":1692556500000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1608732113"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,14]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"48","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,29]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.1608732113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1608732113","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.726981418.793529185","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-11-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}