{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:59:54Z","timestamp":1792094394076,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"36","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,22]],"date-time":"2017-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":184,"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/preview_site\/misc\/userlicense.xhtml"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9-P41-EB015871-26A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9-P41-EB015871-26A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006919","name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W911NF-13-D-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W911NF-13-D-0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006919","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000181","name":"DOD | Air Force Office of Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32 CFR 168a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32 CFR 168a"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004410","name":"European Molecular Biology Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["long-term fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["long-term fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Imaging with shortwave infrared (SWIR) light has great potential for visualizing biological structures previously undetectable with visible light. To demonstrate the clinical potential of SWIR imaging, we developed a medical otoscope sensitive to SWIR light. We show that the unique transmission of SWIR light through tissue improves resolution of anatomical structures lying behind thin tissue membranes like the ear drum. We therefore significantly improve imaging of underlying middle ear anatomy. SWIR imaging also allows identification of disease characterized by fluid accumulation, as in the diagnosis of otitis media. With successful diagnosis of otitis media estimated at 51% for US pediatricians, objectifying this diagnosis could curb the antibiotic resistance associated with an estimated 2 million overdiagnoses each year.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1610529113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,22]],"date-time":"2016-08-22T22:48:55Z","timestamp":1471906135000},"page":"9989-9994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Using the shortwave infrared to image middle ear pathologies"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8637-8108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica A.","family":"Carr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tulio A.","family":"Valdez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06269;"},{"name":"Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Connecticut Children\u2019s Medical Center, Hartford, CT 06106"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver T.","family":"Bruns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moungi G.","family":"Bawendi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2009.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.17.7.071311"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.19.8.086011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201300198"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.929199"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-3291-6_88"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aep299"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-015-8580-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/153535003765276282"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.1.001432"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2014.166"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.20.3.030901"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3611010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"78962L-1","article-title":"First in vivo spectral characterization of breast up to 1300 nm","volume":"7896","author":"Taroni P","year":"2011","unstructured":"P Taroni, I Bargigia, A Farina, R Cubeddu, A Pifferi, First in vivo spectral characterization of breast up to 1300 nm. Proc SPIE 7896, 78962L-1\u201378962L-4 (2011).","journal-title":"Proc SPIE"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2011.01849.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2010.2049110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-8831-4_22"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","first-page":"8207(N):82070N-","article-title":"Hyperspectral imaging of bruises in the SWIR spectral region","author":"Randeberg LL","year":"2012","unstructured":"LL Randeberg, J Hernandez-Palacios, Hyperspectral imaging of bruises in the SWIR spectral region. Proc SPIE, pp. 8207(N):82070N-1\u201382070N-10 (2012).","journal-title":"Proc SPIE"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","unstructured":"GB Altshuler RR Anderson D Manstein Method and apparatus for the selective targeting of lipid-rich tissues. Available at www.google.com\/patents\/US7060061. Accessed August 6 2015. (2006)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nuclcard.2007.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.111.963264"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/38\/15\/004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S1793545811001319"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control (2008) Table 2: Top 5 diagnoses at visits to office-based physicians and hospital outpatient departments by patient age and sex: United States 2008. Available at www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/ahcd\/preliminary2008\/table02.pdf. Accessed June 24 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Acute otitis media in pediatric medicine: Current issues in epidemiology, diagnosis, and management","volume":"5","author":"Leibovitz E","year":"2003","unstructured":"E Leibovitz, Acute otitis media in pediatric medicine: Current issues in epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. Paediatr Drugs 5, 1\u201312 (2003).","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","volume-title":"Statistical Brief #228: Ear Infections (Otitis Media) in Children (0\u201317): Use and Expenditures, 2006","author":"Soni A","year":"2008","unstructured":"A Soni Statistical Brief #228: Ear Infections (Otitis Media) in Children (0\u201317): Use and Expenditures, 2006 (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD, 2008)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/160.1.83"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-014-0181-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","first-page":"139","article-title":"Approach to diagnosis by primary care clinicians and specialists: Is there a difference?","volume":"42","author":"Rosser WW","year":"1996","unstructured":"WW Rosser, Approach to diagnosis by primary care clinicians and specialists: Is there a difference? J Fam Pract 42, 139\u2013144 (1996).","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-003-0981-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.155.10.1137"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2004.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081210"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.1.143"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181b6d81a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02991677"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/761259"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(02)00073-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480500488917"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2012.680198"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020600840903"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.3.510"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.90.2.245"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948609500110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25141"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2013.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000273"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.130.12.1407"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.12.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.30.004507"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2335429"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/56\/2\/N01"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/syndication\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.1610529113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.1610529113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T01:24:50Z","timestamp":1649813090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1610529113"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,22]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"36","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.1610529113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1610529113","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-08-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}