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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    To understand how most life on Earth went extinct 250 million years ago, we used multiple sulfur isotopes to investigate redox chemistry changes in the Panthalassic Ocean, comprising \u223c85\u201390% of the contemporaneous global ocean. The S-isotopic anomalies from Canada and Japan provide evidence for the timing of the onset of euxinia and mixing of sulfidic and oxic waters. Our data suggest that shoaling of H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S-rich waters may have driven the mass extinction and delayed the recovery of the marine ecosystem. This study illustrates how environmental changes could have had a devastating effect on Earth\u2019s early biosphere, and may have present-day relevance because global warming and eutrophication are causing development of sulfidic zones on modern continental shelves, threatening indigenous marine life.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1610931114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,6]],"date-time":"2017-02-06T21:05:30Z","timestamp":1486415130000},"page":"1806-1810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Redox chemistry changes in the Panthalassic Ocean linked to the end-Permian mass extinction and delayed Early Triassic biotic recovery"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Guijie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongping","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Algeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Farquhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology &amp; Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles M.","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thomas S. Wootton High School, Rockville, MD 20850"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thomas S. Wootton High School, Rockville, MD 20850"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shane D.","family":"Schoepfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kefan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","volume-title":"Extinction: How Life on Earth Nearly Ended 250 Million Years Ago","author":"Erwin DH","year":"2006","unstructured":"DH Erwin Extinction: How Life on Earth Nearly Ended 250 Million Years Ago (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2006)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1613094113"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2007.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1097023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1213454"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo1475"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/G20987.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104323"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2006.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2009.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2007GC001823"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1217"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1503755112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5310.235"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2541(01)00273-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2008.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/G30483.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2010.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1738.1997.tb00039.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","first-page":"693","article-title":"Uppermost Permian conodonts and the Permian-Triassic boundary in the Western Canada sedimentary basin","volume":"45","author":"Henderson CM","year":"1997","unstructured":"CM Henderson, Uppermost Permian conodonts and the Permian-Triassic boundary in the Western Canada sedimentary basin. 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