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Yet, these parameters could be helpful to better understand how herbivorous mammals adapted to changing environments. We here highlight the insights gained by studying dental growth and eruption in a clade of extinct ungulate mammals. Variation in these traits was assessed in the context of volcanism, cooling, and increasing aridity in South America starting 50 Ma. We show that ever-growing teeth combined with faster molar eruption arose several times during the evolution of these mammals, allowing them to obtain a more durable and efficient dentition in constraining environments. 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