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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    parasites can be infected with\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmaniavirus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (LRV1), a double-stranded RNA virus whose presence in\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania guyanensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    parasites exacerbates disease severity in both mouse models and humans. Studies of the role of the virus on parasite biology and virulence are hampered by the dearth of isogenic lines bearing and lacking LRV, particularly in the clinically important species\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania braziliensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Here, we describe a method to systematically generate LRV1-free\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    parasites using the parasite RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. The ability of transgene-driven RNAi to overcome the ability of LRV1 to withstand the endogenous RNAi attack suggests a third paradigm of virus\u2013RNAi interaction where RNAi and virus replication exist in balance to maintain persistent infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1615085113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,18]],"date-time":"2016-10-18T23:04:18Z","timestamp":1476831858000},"page":"11998-12005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Tilting the balance between RNA interference and replication eradicates\n                    <i>Leishmania<\/i>\n                    RNA virus 1 and mitigates the inflammatory response"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Erin A.","family":"Brettmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jahangheer S.","family":"Shaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haroun","family":"Zangger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lon-Fye","family":"Lye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. Matthew","family":"Kuhlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia S.","family":"Akopyants","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dayna M.","family":"Oschwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Technology Access Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine L.","family":"Owens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne M.","family":"Hickerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Ronet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Fasel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5319-0811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Beverley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671","article-title":"Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence","volume":"7","author":"Alvar J","year":"2012","unstructured":"J Alvar, , Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PLoS One; WHO Leishmaniasis Control Team 7, e35671 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03640.x","article-title":"Clinical pleiomorphism in human leishmaniases, with special mention of asymptomatic infection","volume":"17","author":"Ba\u00f1uls AL","year":"2011","unstructured":"AL Ba\u00f1uls, , Clinical pleiomorphism in human leishmaniases, with special mention of asymptomatic infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 17, 1451\u20131461 (2011).","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu102","article-title":"Asymptomatic Leishmania infection: A new challenge for Leishmania control","volume":"58","author":"Singh OP","year":"2014","unstructured":"OP Singh, E Hasker, D Sacks, M Boelaert, S Sundar, Asymptomatic Leishmania infection: A new challenge for Leishmania control. 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