{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:32:22Z","timestamp":1790778742817,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"51","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,20]],"date-time":"2017-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":197,"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/site\/misc\/userlicense.xhtml"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The shape of the human red blood cell (RBC) is known to be a biconcave disc. The experiments in this paper identify some of the underlying determinates. RBC ghosts were made such that they were spheres in hypo-osmotic solutions and biconcave discs in iso-osmotic solutions. The spherical ghosts were centrifuged onto coverslips. When these spheres became biconcave discs by flushing with an iso-osmotic solution, the ghosts laid\n                    <jats:italic>flat<\/jats:italic>\n                    on the coverslip. This indicates that, during centrifugation, the spherical ghosts were oriented by a dense band in their equatorial planes. This unique orientation appears to be the first evidence that differences in the densities between the rim and the dimple regions of RBCs and their ghosts underlie their biconcave shape.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1615452113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,5]],"date-time":"2016-12-05T22:40:25Z","timestamp":1480977625000},"page":"14847-14851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Biconcave shape of human red-blood-cell ghosts relies on density differences between the rim and dimple of the ghost's plasma membrane"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Joseph F.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","first-page":"447","article-title":"Discovery of the red blood cell with notes on priorities and credits of discoveries, past, present and future","volume":"7","author":"Bessis M","year":"1981","unstructured":"M Bessis, G Delpech, Discovery of the red blood cell with notes on priorities and credits of discoveries, past, present and future. 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