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However it is still unclear how STX11, a lipid-anchored SNARE, and Munc18-2 mediate membrane fusion. By using an in vitro fusion assay, we found that STX11 mainly mediates lipid mixing when combined with human lymphocyte-interacting SNAREs. Remarkably, Munc18-2 induces association among these SNAREs and facilitates the transition from a hemifusion-like state to complete fusion. Our findings support a model in which SM proteins play a direct role in membrane merging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1617981114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]],"date-time":"2017-03-06T21:00:34Z","timestamp":1488834034000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["SM protein Munc18-2 facilitates transition of Syntaxin 11-mediated lipid mixing to complete fusion for T-lymphocyte cytotoxicity"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Waldo A.","family":"Spessott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania\u2013Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia PA 19104;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria L.","family":"Sanmillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Pathology, Department of 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