{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:29:33Z","timestamp":1791221373845,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"30","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,10]],"date-time":"2018-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":184,"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/site\/misc\/userlicense.xhtml"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PP3436"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PP3436"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"USDA | National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HATCH Project 1005145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HATCH Project 1005145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005302","name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Start-up funds"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Start-up funds"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005302","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Peripheral infections exacerbate symptoms of many neurological diseases, including the most common autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), multiple sclerosis (MS). We demonstrate that influenza viral infection of autoimmune-prone mice triggers clinical and histological disease. We further show that influenza infection alters the transcriptome of the central nervous system and facilitates immune cell trafficking to the brain. Finally, we identified a specific chemokine that is upregulated in the CNS during infection that is also increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients during relapse. These observations improve our understanding of how peripheral infection may act to exacerbate neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1620415114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]],"date-time":"2017-07-10T20:50:23Z","timestamp":1499719823000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Influenza infection triggers disease in a genetic model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Stephen","family":"Blackmore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Juda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Ryder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory G.","family":"Freund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodney W.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;"},{"name":"Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;"},{"name":"Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5408-0534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Steelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;"},{"name":"Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;"},{"name":"Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21958","article-title":"Peripheral challenge with double-stranded RNA elicits global up-regulation of cytokine gene expression in the brain","volume":"87","author":"Konat GW","year":"2009","unstructured":"GW Konat, E Borysiewicz, D Fil, I James, Peripheral challenge with double-stranded RNA elicits global up-regulation of cytokine gene expression in the brain. J Neurosci Res 87, 1381\u20131388 (2009).","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0562-2","article-title":"TLR7-mediated skin inflammation remotely triggers chemokine expression and leukocyte accumulation in the brain","volume":"13","author":"McColl A","year":"2016","unstructured":"A McColl, CA Thomson, L Nerurkar, GJ Graham, J Cavanagh, TLR7-mediated skin inflammation remotely triggers chemokine expression and leukocyte accumulation in the brain. J Neuroinflammation 13, 102 (2016).","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12468","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1511003112","article-title":"Imaging robust microglial activation after lipopolysaccharide administration in humans with PET","volume":"112","author":"Sandiego CM","year":"2015","unstructured":"CM Sandiego, , Imaging robust microglial activation after lipopolysaccharide administration in humans with PET. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112, 12468\u201312473 (2015).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3958","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6389-11.2012","article-title":"Influenza infection induces neuroinflammation, alters hippocampal neuron morphology, and impairs cognition in adult mice","volume":"32","author":"Jurgens HA","year":"2012","unstructured":"HA Jurgens, K Amancherla, RW Johnson, Influenza infection induces neuroinflammation, alters hippocampal neuron morphology, and impairs cognition in adult mice. J Neurosci 32, 3958\u20133968 (2012).","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0124047","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124047","article-title":"Induction of microglia activation after infection with the non-neurotropic A\/CA\/04\/2009 H1N1 influenza virus","volume":"10","author":"Sadasivan S","year":"2015","unstructured":"S Sadasivan, M Zanin, K O\u2019Brien, S Schultz-Cherry, RJ Smeyne, Induction of microglia activation after infection with the non-neurotropic A\/CA\/04\/2009 H1N1 influenza virus. PLoS One 10, e0124047 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.02.010","article-title":"Peripheral viral infection induced microglial sensome genes and enhanced microglial cell activity in the hippocampus of neonatal piglets","volume":"54","author":"Ji P","year":"2016","unstructured":"P Ji, KM Schachtschneider, LB Schook, FR Walker, RW Johnson, Peripheral viral infection induced microglial sensome genes and enhanced microglial cell activity in the hippocampus of neonatal piglets. Brain Behav Immun 54, 243\u2013251 (2016).","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.04.005","article-title":"Brain endothelial- and epithelial-specific interferon receptor chain 1 drives virus-induced sickness behavior and cognitive impairment","volume":"44","author":"Blank T","year":"2016","unstructured":"T Blank, , Brain endothelial- and epithelial-specific interferon receptor chain 1 drives virus-induced sickness behavior and cognitive impairment. Immunity 44, 901\u2013912 (2016).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-187","article-title":"Brain leukocyte infiltration initiated by peripheral inflammation or experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis occurs through pathways connected to the CSF-filled compartments of the forebrain and midbrain","volume":"9","author":"Schmitt C","year":"2012","unstructured":"C Schmitt, N Strazielle, JF Ghersi-Egea, Brain leukocyte infiltration initiated by peripheral inflammation or experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis occurs through pathways connected to the CSF-filled compartments of the forebrain and midbrain. J Neuroinflammation 9, 187 (2012).","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3427","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt259","article-title":"IFN-\u03b3-dependent activation of the brain\u2019s choroid plexus for CNS immune surveillance and repair","volume":"136","author":"Kunis G","year":"2013","unstructured":"G Kunis, , IFN-\u03b3-dependent activation of the brain\u2019s choroid plexus for CNS immune surveillance and repair. Brain 136, 3427\u20133440 (2013).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318225ae07","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokines, sickness behavior, and Alzheimer disease","volume":"77","author":"Holmes C","year":"2011","unstructured":"C Holmes, C Cunningham, E Zotova, D Culliford, VH Perry, Proinflammatory cytokines, sickness behavior, and Alzheimer disease. Neurology 77, 212\u2013218 (2011).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.6.788","article-title":"Systemic infection, interleukin 1beta, and cognitive decline in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"74","author":"Holmes C","year":"2003","unstructured":"C Holmes, , Systemic infection, interleukin 1beta, and cognitive decline in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 74, 788\u2013789 (2003).","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","first-page":"436813","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease and systemic inflammation","volume":"2011","author":"Ferrari CC","year":"2011","unstructured":"CC Ferrari, R Tarelli, Parkinson\u2019s disease and systemic inflammation. Parkinsons Dis 2011, 436813 (2011).","journal-title":"Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458504ms1005oa","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis attacks are associated with picornavirus infections","volume":"10","author":"Kriesel JD","year":"2004","unstructured":"JD Kriesel, A White, FG Hayden, SL Spruance, J Petajan, Multiple sclerosis attacks are associated with picornavirus infections. Mult Scler 10, 145\u2013148 (2004).","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf098","article-title":"Prospective study on the relationship between infections and multiple sclerosis exacerbations","volume":"125","author":"Buljevac D","year":"2002","unstructured":"D Buljevac, , Prospective study on the relationship between infections and multiple sclerosis exacerbations. Brain 125, 952\u2013960 (2002).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.64.6.736","article-title":"Clinical relapses and disease activity on magnetic resonance imaging associated with viral upper respiratory tract infections in multiple sclerosis","volume":"64","author":"Edwards S","year":"1998","unstructured":"S Edwards, M Zvartau, H Clarke, W Irving, LD Blumhardt, Clinical relapses and disease activity on magnetic resonance imaging associated with viral upper respiratory tract infections in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 64, 736\u2013741 (1998).","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)92801-6","article-title":"Clinical viral infections and multiple sclerosis","volume":"1","author":"Sibley WA","year":"1985","unstructured":"WA Sibley, CR Bamford, K Clark, Clinical viral infections and multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1, 1313\u20131315 (1985).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1965.tb20229.x","article-title":"Infection and immunization in multiple sclerosis","volume":"122","author":"Sibley WA","year":"1965","unstructured":"WA Sibley, JM Foley, Infection and immunization in multiple sclerosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 122, 457\u2013466 (1965).","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61620-7","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis","volume":"372","author":"Compston A","year":"2008","unstructured":"A Compston, A Coles, Multiple sclerosis. Lancet 372, 1502\u20131517 (2008).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2015.09.002","article-title":"Relapses in multiple sclerosis: Relationship to disability","volume":"6","author":"Goodin DS","year":"2016","unstructured":"DS Goodin, , Relapses in multiple sclerosis: Relationship to disability. Mult Scler Relat Disord 6, 10\u201320 (2016).","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-5868(99)90031-0","article-title":"Treatment of acute relapses in multiple sclerosis at home with oral dexamethasone: A pilot study","volume":"6","author":"De Keyser J","year":"1999","unstructured":"J De Keyser, CM Zwanikken, A Zorgdrager, D Oenema, M Boon, Treatment of acute relapses in multiple sclerosis at home with oral dexamethasone: A pilot study. J Clin Neurosci 6, 382\u2013384 (1999).","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000233834.09743.3b","article-title":"The risk of relapses in multiple sclerosis during systemic infections","volume":"67","author":"Correale J","year":"2006","unstructured":"J Correale, M Fiol, W Gilmore, The risk of relapses in multiple sclerosis during systemic infections. Neurology 67, 652\u2013659 (2006).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458510394397","article-title":"Temporal relationship between environmental influenza A and Epstein-Barr viral infections and high multiple sclerosis relapse occurrence","volume":"17","author":"Oikonen M","year":"2011","unstructured":"M Oikonen, , Temporal relationship between environmental influenza A and Epstein-Barr viral infections and high multiple sclerosis relapse occurrence. Mult Scler 17, 672\u2013680 (2011).","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458505ms1128ed","article-title":"The case for rhinoviruses in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Kriesel JD","year":"2005","unstructured":"JD Kriesel, WA Sibley, The case for rhinoviruses in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 11, 1\u20134 (2005).","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(98)00139-7","article-title":"Effects of influenza vaccination and influenza illness on exacerbations in multiple sclerosis","volume":"159","author":"De Keyser J","year":"1998","unstructured":"J De Keyser, C Zwanikken, M Boon, Effects of influenza vaccination and influenza illness on exacerbations in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 159, 51\u201353 (1998).","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021603","article-title":"Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-specific T cell receptor transgenic mice develop spontaneous autoimmune optic neuritis","volume":"197","author":"Bettelli E","year":"2003","unstructured":"E Bettelli, , Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-specific T cell receptor transgenic mice develop spontaneous autoimmune optic neuritis. J Exp Med 197, 1073\u20131081 (2003).","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","unstructured":"R Kazmierski M Wender P Guzik D Zielonka Association of influenza incidence with multiple sclerosis onset. Folia Neuropathol . 42 19\u201323 (2004)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2015.06.003","article-title":"Peripheral challenge with a viral mimic upregulates expression of the complement genes in the hippocampus","volume":"285","author":"Michalovicz LT","year":"2015","unstructured":"LT Michalovicz, B Lally, GW Konat, Peripheral challenge with a viral mimic upregulates expression of the complement genes in the hippocampus. J Neuroimmunol 285, 137\u2013142 (2015).","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6391","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6221-11.2012","article-title":"Genomic analysis of reactive astrogliosis","volume":"32","author":"Zamanian JL","year":"2012","unstructured":"JL Zamanian, , Genomic analysis of reactive astrogliosis. J Neurosci 32, 6391\u20136410 (2012).","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21029","article-title":"Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia","volume":"541","author":"Liddelow SA","year":"2017","unstructured":"SA Liddelow, , Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia. Nature 541, 481\u2013487 (2017).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20141015","article-title":"Neutrophil-related factors as biomarkers in EAE and MS","volume":"212","author":"Rumble JM","year":"2015","unstructured":"JM Rumble, , Neutrophil-related factors as biomarkers in EAE and MS. J Exp Med 212, 23\u201335 (2015).","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302171","article-title":"B cells promote induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by facilitating reactivation of T cells in the central nervous system","volume":"192","author":"Pierson ER","year":"2014","unstructured":"ER Pierson, IM Stromnes, JM Goverman, B cells promote induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by facilitating reactivation of T cells in the central nervous system. J Immunol 192, 929\u2013939 (2014).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5077","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402236","article-title":"B cell antigen presentation is sufficient to drive neuroinflammation in an animal model of multiple sclerosis","volume":"194","author":"Parker Harp CR","year":"2015","unstructured":"CR Parker Harp, , B cell antigen presentation is sufficient to drive neuroinflammation in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. J Immunol 194, 5077\u20135084 (2015).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1159\/000437371","article-title":"Upper respiratory infections and MRI activity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"45","author":"Kneider M","year":"2015","unstructured":"M Kneider, , Upper respiratory infections and MRI activity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Neuroepidemiology 45, 83\u201389 (2015).","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6258-8","article-title":"Multiphasic acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) following influenza type A (swine specific H1N1)","volume":"259","author":"Athauda D","year":"2012","unstructured":"D Athauda, TC Andrews, PA Holmes, RS Howard, Multiphasic acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) following influenza type A (swine specific H1N1). J Neurol 259, 775\u2013778 (2012).","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1177\/135245859700300405","article-title":"Influenza virus vaccination of patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"3","author":"Mokhtarian F","year":"1997","unstructured":"F Mokhtarian, , Influenza virus vaccination of patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 3, 243\u2013247 (1997).","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-11-73","article-title":"Peripheral inflammation is associated with remote global gene expression changes in the brain","volume":"11","author":"Thomson CA","year":"2014","unstructured":"CA Thomson, A McColl, J Cavanagh, GJ Graham, Peripheral inflammation is associated with remote global gene expression changes in the brain. J Neuroinflammation 11, 73 (2014).","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5123-11.2012","article-title":"Inflammatory effects of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus infection in the CNS of mice","volume":"32","author":"Jang H","year":"2012","unstructured":"H Jang, , Inflammatory effects of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus infection in the CNS of mice. J Neurosci 32, 1545\u20131559 (2012).","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2013.07.025","article-title":"Respiratory infection promotes T cell infiltration and amyloid-\u03b2 deposition in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"35","author":"McManus RM","year":"2014","unstructured":"RM McManus, SC Higgins, KH Mills, MA Lynch, Respiratory infection promotes T cell infiltration and amyloid-\u03b2 deposition in APP\/PS1 mice. Neurobiol Aging 35, 109\u2013121 (2014).","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490280213","article-title":"T-lymphocyte entry into the central nervous system","volume":"28","author":"Hickey WF","year":"1991","unstructured":"WF Hickey, BL Hsu, H Kimura, T-lymphocyte entry into the central nervous system. J Neurosci Res 28, 254\u2013260 (1991).","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05792.x","article-title":"CNS-irrelevant T-cells enter the brain, cause blood-brain barrier disruption but no glial pathology","volume":"26","author":"Smorodchenko A","year":"2007","unstructured":"A Smorodchenko, , CNS-irrelevant T-cells enter the brain, cause blood-brain barrier disruption but no glial pathology. Eur J Neurosci 26, 1387\u20131398 (2007).","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16939","article-title":"Effector T-cell trafficking between the leptomeninges and the cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"530","author":"Schl\u00e4ger C","year":"2016","unstructured":"C Schl\u00e4ger, , Effector T-cell trafficking between the leptomeninges and the cerebrospinal fluid. Nature 530, 349\u2013353 (2016).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11337","article-title":"T cells become licensed in the lung to enter the central nervous system","volume":"488","author":"Odoardi F","year":"2012","unstructured":"F Odoardi, , T cells become licensed in the lung to enter the central nervous system. Nature 488, 675\u2013679 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.06.009","article-title":"Respiratory infection with a bacterial pathogen attenuates CNS autoimmunity through IL-10 induction","volume":"50","author":"Edwards SC","year":"2015","unstructured":"SC Edwards, SC Higgins, KH Mills, Respiratory infection with a bacterial pathogen attenuates CNS autoimmunity through IL-10 induction. Brain Behav Immun 50, 41\u201346 (2015).","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90074-Z","article-title":"Transgenic mice that express a myelin basic protein-specific T cell receptor develop spontaneous autoimmunity","volume":"72","author":"Goverman J","year":"1993","unstructured":"J Goverman, , Transgenic mice that express a myelin basic protein-specific T cell receptor develop spontaneous autoimmunity. Cell 72, 551\u2013560 (1993).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI19388","article-title":"Activation of antigen-presenting cells by microbial products breaks self tolerance and induces autoimmune disease","volume":"113","author":"Waldner H","year":"2004","unstructured":"H Waldner, M Collins, VK Kuchroo, Activation of antigen-presenting cells by microbial products breaks self tolerance and induces autoimmune disease. J Clin Invest 113, 990\u2013997 (2004).","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706383","article-title":"B-cell depletion with rituximab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"358","author":"Hauser SL","year":"2008","unstructured":"SL Hauser, , B-cell depletion with rituximab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med; HERMES Trial Group 358, 676\u2013688 (2008).","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1093616","article-title":"Innate antiviral responses by means of TLR7-mediated recognition of single-stranded RNA","volume":"303","author":"Diebold SS","year":"2004","unstructured":"SS Diebold, T Kaisho, H Hemmi, S Akira, C Reis e Sousa, Innate antiviral responses by means of TLR7-mediated recognition of single-stranded RNA. Science 303, 1529\u20131531 (2004).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)92863-7","article-title":"Exacerbations of multiple sclerosis in patients treated with gamma interferon","volume":"1","author":"Panitch HS","year":"1987","unstructured":"HS Panitch, RL Hirsch, AS Haley, KP Johnson, Exacerbations of multiple sclerosis in patients treated with gamma interferon. Lancet 1, 893\u2013895 (1987).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00287","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of IFN-\u03b3 studied in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis reveal neutrophils as a potential target in multiple sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Miller NM","year":"2015","unstructured":"NM Miller, J Wang, Y Tan, BN Dittel, Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of IFN-\u03b3 studied in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis reveal neutrophils as a potential target in multiple sclerosis. Front Neurosci 9, 287 (2015).","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400807","article-title":"Cytokine-regulated neutrophil recruitment is required for brain but not spinal cord inflammation during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"193","author":"Simmons SB","year":"2014","unstructured":"SB Simmons, D Liggitt, JM Goverman, Cytokine-regulated neutrophil recruitment is required for brain but not spinal cord inflammation during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 193, 555\u2013563 (2014).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3531","article-title":"A new type of microglia gene targeting shows TAK1 to be pivotal in CNS autoimmune inflammation","volume":"16","author":"Goldmann T","year":"2013","unstructured":"T Goldmann, , A new type of microglia gene targeting shows TAK1 to be pivotal in CNS autoimmune inflammation. Nat Neurosci 16, 1618\u20131626 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20151437","article-title":"Myeloid cell transmigration across the CNS vasculature triggers IL-1\u03b2-driven neuroinflammation during autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice","volume":"213","author":"L\u00e9vesque SA","year":"2016","unstructured":"SA L\u00e9vesque, , Myeloid cell transmigration across the CNS vasculature triggers IL-1\u03b2-driven neuroinflammation during autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. J Exp Med 213, 929\u2013949 (2016).","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400825","article-title":"Site-specific chemokine expression regulates central nervous system inflammation and determines clinical phenotype in autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"193","author":"Stoolman JS","year":"2014","unstructured":"JS Stoolman, PC Duncker, AK Huber, BM Segal, Site-specific chemokine expression regulates central nervous system inflammation and determines clinical phenotype in autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 193, 564\u2013570 (2014).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1715","article-title":"Differential regulation of central nervous system autoimmunity by T(H)1 and T(H)17 cells","volume":"14","author":"Stromnes IM","year":"2008","unstructured":"IM Stromnes, LM Cerretti, D Liggitt, RA Harris, JM Goverman, Differential regulation of central nervous system autoimmunity by T(H)1 and T(H)17 cells. Nat Med 14, 337\u2013342 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23783","article-title":"Effects of exercise in a relapsing-remitting model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"94","author":"Klaren RE","year":"2016","unstructured":"RE Klaren, , Effects of exercise in a relapsing-remitting model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neurosci Res 94, 907\u2013914 (2016).","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003731","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003731","article-title":"iRegulon: From a gene list to a gene regulatory network using large motif and track collections","volume":"10","author":"Janky R","year":"2014","unstructured":"R Janky, , iRegulon: From a gene list to a gene regulatory network using large motif and track collections. PLOS Comput Biol 10, e1003731 (2014).","journal-title":"PLOS Comput Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2009.03.010","article-title":"Restraint stress modulates virus specific adaptive immunity during acute Theiler\u2019s virus infection","volume":"23","author":"Steelman AJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"AJ Steelman, , Restraint stress modulates virus specific adaptive immunity during acute Theiler\u2019s virus infection. Brain Behav Immun 23, 830\u2013843 (2009).","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","first-page":"e4285","article-title":"A visual description of the dissection of the cerebral surface vasculature and associated meninges and the choroid plexus from rat brain","author":"Bowyer JF","year":"2012","unstructured":"JF Bowyer, , A visual description of the dissection of the cerebral surface vasculature and associated meninges and the choroid plexus from rat brain. J Vis Exp, pp. e4285 (2012).","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/syndication\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.1620415114","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.1620415114","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T12:11:52Z","timestamp":1654603912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1620415114"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"30","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,25]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.1620415114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1620415114","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-07-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}