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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Infection with\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Viannia<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) parasites can have different manifestations, ranging from localized cutaneous to disseminated and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, that are prone to relapse after the healing. We previously described the association of the endosymbiont\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    RNA virus 1 (LRV1) with increased disease severity. Here, we showed that coinfection with the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) or Toscana virus exacerbated the outcome of\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania guyanensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    -induced murine leishmaniasis, favoring parasite persistence and dissemination resulting in metastasis. Both endogenous and exogenous coinfections were dependent upon type I interferon responses. Strikingly, LCMV coinfection after the healing of leishmaniasis induced disease reactivation, overriding the protective adaptive immune response. Thus, viral infections may be a significant risk factor contributing to the pathological spectrum of human leishmaniasis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1621447114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,24]],"date-time":"2017-04-24T20:55:25Z","timestamp":1493067325000},"page":"4987-4992","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Type I interferons induced by endogenous or exogenous viral infections promote metastasis and relapse of leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Matteo","family":"Rossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrik","family":"Castiglioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary-Anne","family":"Hartley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Remzi Onur","family":"Eren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Pr\u00e9vel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Desponds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel T.","family":"Utzschneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dietmar","family":"Zehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria G.","family":"Cusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Policlinico Le Scotte, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. 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