{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:35:34Z","timestamp":1781109334264,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"17","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A critical consideration in effective and measured public health responses\n to an outbreak of inhalational anthrax is the optimum duration of antibiotic\n prophylaxis. We develop a competing-risks model to address the duration of\n antibiotic prophylaxis and the incubation period that accounts for the risks\n of spore germination and spore clearance. The model predicts the incubation\n period distribution, which is confirmed by empirical data. The optimum\n duration of antibiotic prophylaxis depends critically on the dose of inhaled\n spores. At high doses, we show that exposed persons would need to remain on\n antibiotic prophylaxis for at least 4 months, and considerable morbidity would\n likely occur before antibiotic prophylaxis could even be initiated. At very\n low doses, 60 days of antibiotic prophylaxis is adequate. Exposure doses can\n be estimated from the cumulative attack rate up to the point antibiotic\n prophylaxis begins. The model explains that whereas \u226460 days of antibiotics\n were enough to protect persons in the 2001 U.S. outbreak, because doses were\n very low, at moderate or high doses considerably longer durations would be\n necessary to adequately protect exposed populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1631983100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,19]],"date-time":"2003-08-19T12:56:21Z","timestamp":1061297781000},"page":"10129-10132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Modeling the optimum duration of antibiotic prophylaxis in an anthrax outbreak"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Ron","family":"Brookmeyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins\r Bloomberg School of Public Health, and\r Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins\r School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins\r Bloomberg School of Public Health, and\r Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins\r School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Bollinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins\r Bloomberg School of Public Health, and\r Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins\r School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.18.1735"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.5.429"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"1024","volume":"51","year":"2002","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2002) Morbid. 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