{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T16:32:42Z","timestamp":1793032362015,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,24]],"date-time":"2017-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1500854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/site\/misc\/userlicense.xhtml"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z01 DK071014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z01 DK071014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z01 DK075116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z01 DK075116"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is currently being explored as a target for the treatment of obesity and diabetes after repeated demonstrations on positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET\/CT) imaging of its ability to metabolize glucose following acute cold exposure. Measurement of whole-body BAT volume, activity, and distribution is difficult because brown adipocytes are structurally commingled among white adipose tissue, muscle, and blood vessels. Thus, BAT\u2019s potential contribution to metabolism remains unclear. To address this, we have identified several refinements to improve current PET\/CT analyses and demonstrated their impact in healthy lean vs. obese individuals. Using the refined technique, we defined whole-body BAT distribution and estimated its metabolic capacity and found that it is substantially higher than usually reported.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1705287114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]],"date-time":"2017-08-08T12:40:55Z","timestamp":1502196055000},"page":"8649-8654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":497,"title":["Mapping of human brown adipose tissue in lean and obese young men"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Brooks P.","family":"Leitner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Brychta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney J.","family":"Duckworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison S.","family":"Baskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"McGehee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilan","family":"Tal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Dieckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Positron Emission Tomography, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garima","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald M.","family":"Kolodny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karel","family":"Pacak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Herscovitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Positron Emission Tomography, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5570-9346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron M.","family":"Cypess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0306-1904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kong Y.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00015.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00249.2011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-4213"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI60433"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20150339"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.07.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.106.035774"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.4923"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810780"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00021.2014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.108.057307"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2013.206"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.059022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0513"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0989"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.116.183988"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.189.3.8234714"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2013.204"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-1372"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3901"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2440"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","first-page":"35","article-title":"The distribution of brown adipose tissue in the human","volume":"112","author":"Heaton JM","year":"1972","unstructured":"JM Heaton, The distribution of brown adipose tissue in the human. J Anat 112, 35\u201339 (1972).","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.09-133546"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808949"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","first-page":"P213","article-title":"Case report: Chronic adrenergic stimulation induces brown adipose tissue differentiation in visceral adipose tissue","volume":"32","author":"Sondergaard E","year":"2013","unstructured":"E Sondergaard, , Case report: Chronic adrenergic stimulation induces brown adipose tissue differentiation in visceral adipose tissue. Endocr Abstracts 32, P213 (2013).","journal-title":"Endocr Abstracts"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.08.1166"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-0348-5559-4_16"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2297"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2015.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/o84-082"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)37978-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1964.206.1.143"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.06.1058"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/syndication\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.1705287114","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.1705287114","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T02:35:21Z","timestamp":1649817321000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1705287114"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,24]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"32","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.1705287114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1705287114","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.727837039.793534875","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-07-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}