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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Studies examining relationships among habitat disturbance, physiology, and fitness in wild animals often produce contradictory or inconclusive results, casting doubt on current conservation physiology predictive frameworks linking stress and fitness. We apply a new framework drawn from experimental systems utilizing chronic inescapable stressors to explore how noise, an environmental stimulus common to wildlife habitats worldwide, disrupts stress hormone signaling and impacts fitness. We utilize a natural experiment to show that chronic, anthropogenic noise reduced baseline corticosterone levels, increased acute corticosterone response, and, at highest amplitudes, negatively impacted multiple measures of fitness across three species of birds. Our work brings conservation physiology theory involving wild animals into needed alignment with recent theories based on chronic stress in laboratory studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1709200115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,8]],"date-time":"2018-01-08T15:28:50Z","timestamp":1515425330000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":206,"title":["Chronic anthropogenic noise disrupts glucocorticoid signaling and has multiple effects on fitness in an avian community"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2468-4318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan J.","family":"Kleist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309;"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, The College at Brockport, State University of New York, Brockport, NY 14420;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Guralnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3920-5575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Lowry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309;"},{"name":"Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clinton D.","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2009.08.002","article-title":"The costs of chronic noise exposure for terrestrial organisms","volume":"25","author":"Barber JR","year":"2010","unstructured":"JR Barber, KR Crooks, KM Fristrup, The costs of chronic noise exposure for terrestrial organisms. 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