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In parasitoid wasps, symbiotic viruses and venom that are injected together with wasp eggs into the host caterpillar suppress immune responses of the host and enhance parasitoid survival. We found that the virus also has negative effects on offspring survival when placing these interactions in a community context. The virus and venom drive a chain of interactions that includes the herbivore and its food plant and attracts the hyperparasitoid enemies of the parasitoid. Our results shed new light on the importance of symbionts associated with their host in driving ecological interactions and highlight the intricacy of how multispecies interactions are reflected in adaptations of individual species such as the host-finding behavior of hyperparasitoids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1717904115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]],"date-time":"2018-04-30T15:17:10Z","timestamp":1525101430000},"page":"5205-5210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Symbiotic polydnavirus and venom reveal parasitoid to its hyperparasitoids"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Feng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;"},{"name":"Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonino","family":"Cusumano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janneke","family":"Bloem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berhane T.","family":"Weldegergis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Villela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0841-3144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina E.","family":"Fatouros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;"},{"name":"Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joop J. 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