{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T23:26:05Z","timestamp":1793834765961,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,13]],"date-time":"2018-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":183,"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/site\/aboutpnas\/licenses.xhtml"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01A1030048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01A1030048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PO1AI0562999"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PO1AI0562999"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>PD-1\u2013mediated inhibitory signals play a major role in T cell exhaustion during chronic infections and cancers, which makes PD-1 a valuable target of checkpoint blockade in cancer immunotherapy. However, the role of PD-1 in effector CD8 T cell differentiation during an acute viral infection is not well defined. Here, we show that PD-1 also functions as an inhibitory receptor during this early stage of T cell activation and that PD-1 blockade enhances effector function and results in faster clearance of infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1718217115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,13]],"date-time":"2018-04-13T15:25:14Z","timestamp":1523633114000},"page":"4749-4754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":463,"title":["Role of PD-1 during effector CD8 T cell differentiation"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Eunseon","family":"Ahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Araki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masao","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arlene H.","family":"Sharpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;"},{"name":"Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon J.","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan A.","family":"Irving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafi","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5258.54"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05126.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24633"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri778"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25144"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04444"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3862"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.2.945"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.25.21.9543-9553.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf1292"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19317"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19330"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803245"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1312772110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07662"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.26.7609"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1200694"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1501824"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1305133"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13904"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1200690"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.53.0105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-012017-043208"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.160.2.521"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02524-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20100124"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.7.4832"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20121015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20142237"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2762"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI40040"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039757"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.182.2.980"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf0683"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20071949"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.01.024"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/syndication\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.1718217115","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.1718217115","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T02:42:36Z","timestamp":1649817756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1718217115"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,13]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.1718217115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1718217115","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-04-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}