{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T15:17:17Z","timestamp":1793114237501,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,12]],"date-time":"2018-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":184,"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/site\/aboutpnas\/licenses.xhtml"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004451","name":"Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004451","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Psychopathic individuals behave in callous and antisocial ways that suggest that these individuals fail to consider what others are thinking (i.e., theory of mind). However, most empirical studies of psychopathy find that, despite their behavior, psychopathic individuals have an intact theory of mind: they successfully predict other\u2019s perspectives. Here, we show that psychopathic individuals have a previously unobserved cognitive deficit that might explain their pattern of destructive and antisocial behavior. We report that psychopathic individuals fail to automatically take the perspective of others, but can deliberately take the perspective of others. These findings suggest that psychopathic individuals have the ability to take the perspective of others but lack the propensity to do so.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1721903115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]],"date-time":"2018-03-12T15:40:14Z","timestamp":1520869214000},"page":"3302-3307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Psychopaths fail to automatically take the perspective of others"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Lindsey A.","family":"Drayton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurie R.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arielle","family":"Baskin-Sommers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I Apperly Mindreaders: The Cognitive Basis of \u201cTheory of Mind\u201d ; (Psychology Press East Sussex UK). (2010).","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203833926"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199692972.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1047840X.2012.651387"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0017.00186"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0701408104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00008-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-9964(95)00024-G"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(85)90022-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370905401202"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"355","article-title":"The criminal psychopath: History, neuroscience, treatment, and economics","volume":"51","author":"Kiehl KA","year":"2011","unstructured":"KA Kiehl, MB Hoffman, The criminal psychopath: History, neuroscience, treatment, and economics. Jurimetrics 51, 355\u2013397 (2011).","journal-title":"Jurimetrics"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","volume-title":"The Emptied Soul: On the Nature of the Psychopath","author":"Guggenb\u00fchl-Craig A","year":"1999","unstructured":"A Guggenb\u00fchl-Craig The Emptied Soul: On the Nature of the Psychopath (Spring Publications, Washington, DC, 1999)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Psychopathy: Antisocial, Criminal, and Violent Behavior","author":"Millon T","year":"1998","unstructured":"T Millon, E Simonsen, M Birket-Smith, Historical conceptions of psychopathy in the United States and Europe. Psychopathy: Antisocial, Criminal, and Violent Behavior, eds T Millon, E Simonsen, RD Davis, M Birket-Smith (Guilford Press, New York), pp. 3\u201331 (1998)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","volume-title":"A Treatise on Insanity: And Other Disorders Affecting the Mind","author":"Prichard JC","year":"1837","unstructured":"JC Prichard A Treatise on Insanity: And Other Disorders Affecting the Mind (Haswell, Barrington, and Haswell, Philadelphia, 1837)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02280.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291704002028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09585189608409914"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2003.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.111.4.682"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012225108281"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-2014(01)00039-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.105.018150"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706008634"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2004.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14789940802214218"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(02)00175-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.115.4.815"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00304"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.132.2.297"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.54.7.462"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018729"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797612451469"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016923"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2015.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","volume-title":"Manual for the Revised Psychopathy Checklist","author":"Hare RD","year":"2003","unstructured":"RD Hare Manual for the Revised Psychopathy Checklist (Multi-Health Systems, 2nd Ed, Toronto, 2003).","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089892998562942"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","volume-title":"Shipley Institute of Living Scale: Revised Manual","author":"Zachary RA","year":"1986","unstructured":"RA Zachary Shipley Institute of Living Scale: Revised Manual (Western Psychological Services, Los Angeles, 1986)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","volume-title":"WRAT3: Wide Range Achievement Test Administration Manual","author":"Wilkinson GS","year":"1993","unstructured":"GS Wilkinson WRAT3: Wide Range Achievement Test Administration Manual (Wide Range Inc., Wilmingon, DE, 1993)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.2.3.338"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","first-page":"74","article-title":"A practical guide to the use of response latency in social psychological research","volume":"11","author":"Fazio RH","year":"1990","unstructured":"RH Fazio, A practical guide to the use of response latency in social psychological research. Res Methods Personal Soc Psychol 11, 74\u201397 (1990).","journal-title":"Res Methods Personal Soc Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.114.3.510"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0740-5472(92)90062-S"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797610396227"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt190"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/syndication\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.1721903115","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.1721903115","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T03:23:29Z","timestamp":1649820209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1721903115"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.1721903115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1721903115","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-03-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}