{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:12:06Z","timestamp":1792671126571,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"22","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The feasibility of transabdominal near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for detecting and quantifying fetal hypoxia\n                    <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>\n                    is demonstrated in a pregnant ewe model. A frequency domain NIR spectroscopy probe, consisting of two detectors and six sources operating at three wavelengths (675, 786, and 830 nm), was placed on the maternal abdomen directly above the fetal head. Fetal hypoxia was indirectly induced through occlusion of uterine blood flow for \u22483 min. NIR photon diffusion measurements were made during a baseline period, during hypoxia of the fetus, and during recovery. Fetal blood samples were drawn from the fetal brachial artery and jugular veins at several time points during the cycle. Seven hypoxic cycles were induced in a total of five pregnant ewes. The NIR measurements were analyzed by using a two-layer diffusion model to deconvolve the fetal blood saturation from that of the pregnant ewe. Fetal hypoxia was detected. Good agreement was found between fetal blood saturation determined by the transabdominal NIR method and arterial and venous fetal blood saturation quantified from fetal blood samples by using a hemoximeter.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1735462100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,29]],"date-time":"2003-10-29T01:26:18Z","timestamp":1067390778000},"page":"12950-12954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Transabdominal near infrared oximetry of hypoxic stress in fetal sheep brain\n                    <i>in utero<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Regine","family":"Choe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Physics and Astronomy and Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Laboratory for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Turgut","family":"Durduran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Physics and Astronomy and Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Laboratory for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqiang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Physics and Astronomy and Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Laboratory for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J. 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