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Despite the major role fevers have played in epidemic events throughout history, molecular evidence for the presence of their etiological agent has been extremely scarce in historical samples worldwide. By comparing our medieval\n                    <jats:italic>Borrelia recurrentis<\/jats:italic>\n                    genome with modern representatives of the species, we offer an historical snapshot of genomic changes in an immune-evasion system and of reductive evolution in a specialized vector-borne human pathogen. This shotgun sequencing project highlights the potential for ancient DNA research to uncover pathogens which are undetectable to osteological analysis but are known to have played major roles in European health historically.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1807266115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]],"date-time":"2018-09-24T15:05:17Z","timestamp":1537801517000},"page":"10422-10427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Genomic blueprint of a relapsing fever pathogen in 15th century Scandinavia"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Meriam","family":"Guellil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Kersten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amine","family":"Namouchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Egil L.","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage Research, N-0155 Oslo, Norway;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Derrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage Research, N-0155 Oslo, Norway;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne \u00d8.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage Research, N-0155 Oslo, Norway;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils C.","family":"Stenseth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Bramanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway;"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 35-441221 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3723","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00118-12","article-title":"Complete genome sequence of Borrelia crocidurae","volume":"194","author":"Elbir H","year":"2012","unstructured":"H Elbir, , Complete genome sequence of Borrelia crocidurae. 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