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Cells expressing Mrr1 variants that led to drug resistance, by elevated expression of the\n                    <jats:italic>MDR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -encoded efflux protein, were present at low levels in each sample and thus were undetected in standard assays. We provide evidence that these drug-resistant fungi may arise indirectly in response to other factors present in the infection. Our work suggests that alternative methods may be able to identify drug-resistant subpopulations and thus positively impact patient care.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1807698115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,2]],"date-time":"2018-11-02T14:35:44Z","timestamp":1541169344000},"page":"12040-12045","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Evolution of drug resistance in an antifungal-naive chronic\n                    <i>Candida lusitaniae<\/i>\n                    infection"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Elora G.","family":"Demers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy R.","family":"Biermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sawyer","family":"Masonjones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521;"},{"name":"Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex W.","family":"Crocker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alix","family":"Ashare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03766"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7591-0020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason E.","family":"Stajich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521;"},{"name":"Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah A.","family":"Hogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-13","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of antibiotic consumption on antibiotic resistance","volume":"14","author":"Bell BG","year":"2014","unstructured":"BG Bell, F Schellevis, E Stobberingh, H Goossens, M Pringle, A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of antibiotic consumption on antibiotic resistance. 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