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U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The antimicrobial effect of copper has been known since ancient times and it is well known that copper alloy surfaces kill various disease-causing bacteria, fungi, and viruses, preventing the spread of antibiotic resistance through horizontal gene transfer between pathogens. However, there is little knowledge about specific targets of copper toxicity in bacteria. Here we show that copper inhibits peptidoglycan LD-transpeptidases, causing higher permeability in the outermembrane and precluding strains of\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                    to utilize these enzymes in a bypass mechanism to achieve \u03b2-lactam resistance. Hence, copper affects bacterial cell envelope biogenesis at low concentration that does not affect growth rate.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1809285115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T15:06:48Z","timestamp":1538406408000},"page":"10786-10791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Copper inhibits peptidoglycan LD-transpeptidases suppressing \u03b2-lactam resistance due to bypass of penicillin-binding proteins"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Katharina","family":"Peters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, NE2 4AX Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Pazos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, NE2 4AX Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zainab","family":"Edoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot, INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, CRC, 75006 Paris, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4150-0944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Emmanuel","family":"Hugonnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot, INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, CRC, 75006 Paris, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra M.","family":"Martorana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacolgiche e Biomolecolari, Universita degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Polissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacolgiche e Biomolecolari, Universita degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6093-5949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael S.","family":"VanNieuwenhze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Arthur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot, INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, CRC, 75006 Paris, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waldemar","family":"Vollmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, NE2 4AX Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","first-page":"80","article-title":"Historic uses of copper compounds in medicine","volume":"2","author":"Dollwet HHA","year":"1985","unstructured":"HHA Dollwet, JRJ Sorenson, Historic uses of copper compounds in medicine. 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