{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T06:05:44Z","timestamp":1792735544078,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]],"date-time":"2019-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The noninvasive estimation of neuronal receptive field (RF) properties in vivo allows a detailed understanding of brain organization as well as its plasticity by longitudinal following of potential changes. Visual RFs measured invasively by electrophysiology in animal models have traditionally provided a great extent of our current knowledge about the visual brain and its disorders. Voxel-based estimates of population RF (pRF) by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans revolutionized the field and have been used extensively in numerous studies. However, current methods cannot estimate single-neuron RF sizes as they reflect large populations of neurons with individual RF scatter. Here, we introduce an approach to estimate RF size using spatial frequency selectivity to checkerboard patterns. This method allowed us to obtain noninvasive, average single-neuron RF estimates over a large portion of human early visual cortex. These estimates were significantly smaller compared with prior pRF methods. Furthermore, fMRI and electrophysiology experiments in nonhuman primates demonstrated an exceptionally good match, validating the approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1809612116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]],"date-time":"2019-03-13T19:44:16Z","timestamp":1552506256000},"page":"6425-6434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Estimating average single-neuron visual receptive field sizes by fMRI"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6732-1261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios A.","family":"Keliris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-Imaging Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium;"},{"name":"Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max-Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinglin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-Imaging Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium;"},{"name":"Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max-Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany;"},{"name":"Graduate Training Center of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amalia","family":"Papanikolaou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max-Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany;"},{"name":"Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London WC1H 0AP, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikos K.","family":"Logothetis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max-Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany;"},{"name":"Division of Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stelios M.","family":"Smirnakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;"},{"name":"Jamaica Plain Veterans Affairs Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.04.026","article-title":"Twenty years of functional MRI: The science and the stories","volume":"62","author":"Bandettini PA","year":"2012","unstructured":"PA Bandettini, Twenty years of functional MRI: The science and the stories. Neuroimage 62, 575\u2013588 (2012).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15692","article-title":"Progress and challenges in probing the human brain","volume":"526","author":"Poldrack RA","year":"2015","unstructured":"RA Poldrack, MJ Farah, Progress and challenges in probing the human brain. Nature 526, 371\u2013379 (2015).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2015.03.009","article-title":"Computational neuroimaging and population receptive fields","volume":"19","author":"Wandell BA","year":"2015","unstructured":"BA Wandell, J Winawer, Computational neuroimaging and population receptive fields. Trends Cogn Sci 19, 349\u2013357 (2015).","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2741","article-title":"Plasticity and stability of visual field maps in adult primary visual cortex","volume":"10","author":"Wandell BA","year":"2009","unstructured":"BA Wandell, SM Smirnakis, Plasticity and stability of visual field maps in adult primary visual cortex. Nat Rev Neurosci 10, 873\u2013884 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.09.034","article-title":"Population receptive field estimates in human visual cortex","volume":"39","author":"Dumoulin SO","year":"2008","unstructured":"SO Dumoulin, BA Wandell, Population receptive field estimates in human visual cortex. Neuroimage 39, 647\u2013660 (2008).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2010.08.004","article-title":"Imaging retinotopic maps in the human brain","volume":"51","author":"Wandell BA","year":"2011","unstructured":"BA Wandell, J Winawer, Imaging retinotopic maps in the human brain. Vision Res 51, 718\u2013737 (2011).","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.026","article-title":"A new method for estimating population receptive field topography in visual cortex","volume":"81","author":"Lee S","year":"2013","unstructured":"S Lee, A Papanikolaou, NK Logothetis, SM Smirnakis, GA Keliris, A new method for estimating population receptive field topography in visual cortex. Neuroimage 81, 144\u2013157 (2013).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2530","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00692.2001","article-title":"Nature and interaction of signals from the receptive field center and surround in macaque V1 neurons","volume":"88","author":"Cavanaugh JR","year":"2002","unstructured":"JR Cavanaugh, W Bair, JA Movshon, Nature and interaction of signals from the receptive field center and surround in macaque V1 neurons. J Neurophysiol 88, 2530\u20132546 (2002).","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2547","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00693.2001","article-title":"Selectivity and spatial distribution of signals from the receptive field surround in macaque V1 neurons","volume":"88","author":"Cavanaugh JR","year":"2002","unstructured":"JR Cavanaugh, W Bair, JA Movshon, Selectivity and spatial distribution of signals from the receptive field surround in macaque V1 neurons. J Neurophysiol 88, 2547\u20132556 (2002).","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901580305","article-title":"Uniformity of monkey striate cortex: A parallel relationship between field size, scatter, and magnification factor","volume":"158","author":"Hubel DH","year":"1974","unstructured":"DH Hubel, TN Wiesel, Uniformity of monkey striate cortex: A parallel relationship between field size, scatter, and magnification factor. J Comp Neurol 158, 295\u2013305 (1974).","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523899164046","article-title":"Receptive field and orientation scatter studied by tetrode recordings in cat area 17","volume":"16","author":"Hetherington PA","year":"1999","unstructured":"PA Hetherington, NV Swindale, Receptive field and orientation scatter studied by tetrode recordings in cat area 17. Vis Neurosci 16, 637\u2013652 (1999).","journal-title":"Vis Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.07.015","article-title":"Efficient receptive field tiling in primate V1","volume":"91","author":"Nauhaus I","year":"2016","unstructured":"I Nauhaus, KJ Nielsen, EM Callaway, Efficient receptive field tiling in primate V1. Neuron 91, 893\u2013904 (2016).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(41)91363-6","article-title":"Physiological studies on neural mechanisms of visual localization and discrimination","volume":"24","author":"Talbot SA","year":"1941","unstructured":"SA Talbot, WH Marshall, Physiological studies on neural mechanisms of visual localization and discrimination. Am J Ophthalmol 24, 1255\u20131264 (1941).","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1961.sp006803","article-title":"The representation of the visual field on the cerebral cortex in monkeys","volume":"159","author":"Daniel PM","year":"1961","unstructured":"PM Daniel, D Whitteridge, The representation of the visual field on the cerebral cortex in monkeys. J Physiol 159, 203\u2013221 (1961).","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01885636","article-title":"Spatial mapping in the primate sensory projection: Analytic structure and relevance to perception","volume":"25","author":"Schwartz EL","year":"1977","unstructured":"EL Schwartz, Spatial mapping in the primate sensory projection: Analytic structure and relevance to perception. Biol Cybern 25, 181\u2013194 (1977).","journal-title":"Biol Cybern"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2006.03.006","article-title":"Multi-area visuotopic map complexes in macaque striate and extra-striate cortex","volume":"46","author":"Polimeni JR","year":"2006","unstructured":"JR Polimeni, M Balasubramanian, EL Schwartz, Multi-area visuotopic map complexes in macaque striate and extra-striate cortex. Vision Res 46, 3336\u20133359 (2006).","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000651","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000651","article-title":"Modeling magnification and anisotropy in the primate foveal confluence","volume":"6","author":"Schira MM","year":"2010","unstructured":"MM Schira, CW Tyler, B Spehar, M Breakspear, Modeling magnification and anisotropy in the primate foveal confluence. PLoS Comput Biol 6, e1000651 (2010).","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(73)90201-0","article-title":"The visual cortex as a spatial frequency analyser","volume":"13","author":"Maffei L","year":"1973","unstructured":"L Maffei, A Fiorentini, The visual cortex as a spatial frequency analyser. Vision Res 13, 1255\u20131267 (1973).","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","first-page":"429","article-title":"Theory of communication. Part 1: The analysis of information","volume":"93","author":"Gabor D","year":"1946","unstructured":"D Gabor, Theory of communication. Part 1: The analysis of information. J Inst Electr Eng Part III 93, 429\u2013441 (1946).","journal-title":"J Inst Electr Eng Part III"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3136","article-title":"Normalization as a canonical neural computation","volume":"13","author":"Carandini M","year":"2011","unstructured":"M Carandini, DJ Heeger, Normalization as a canonical neural computation. Nat Rev Neurosci 13, 51\u201362 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00105.2013","article-title":"Compressive spatial summation in human visual cortex","volume":"110","author":"Kay KN","year":"2013","unstructured":"KN Kay, J Winawer, A Mezer, BA Wandell, Compressive spatial summation in human visual cortex. J Neurophysiol 110, 481\u2013494 (2013).","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1974.1100705","article-title":"A new look at the statistical model identification","volume":"19","author":"Akaike H","year":"1974","unstructured":"H Akaike, A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Trans Automat Contr 19, 716\u2013723 (1974).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Automat Contr"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","first-page":"213","article-title":"Magnification factor and receptive field size in foveal striate cortex of the monkey","volume":"44","author":"Dow BM","year":"1981","unstructured":"BM Dow, AZ Snyder, RG Vautin, R Bauer, Magnification factor and receptive field size in foveal striate cortex of the monkey. Exp Brain Res 44, 213\u2013228 (1981).","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902010405","article-title":"Visual topography of V2 in the macaque","volume":"201","author":"Gattass R","year":"1981","unstructured":"R Gattass, CG Gross, JH Sandell, Visual topography of V2 in the macaque. J Comp Neurol 201, 519\u2013539 (1981).","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1968.4502561","article-title":"Triggered correlation","volume":"15","author":"de Boer R","year":"1968","unstructured":"R de Boer, P Kuyper, Triggered correlation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 15, 169\u2013179 (1968).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1987.58.6.1187","article-title":"The two-dimensional spatial structure of simple receptive fields in cat striate cortex","volume":"58","author":"Jones JP","year":"1987","unstructured":"JP Jones, LA Palmer, The two-dimensional spatial structure of simple receptive fields in cat striate cortex. J Neurophysiol 58, 1187\u20131211 (1987).","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2396096","article-title":"Stereoscopic depth discrimination in the visual cortex: Neurons ideally suited as disparity detectors","volume":"249","author":"Ohzawa I","year":"1990","unstructured":"I Ohzawa, GC DeAngelis, RD Freeman, Stereoscopic depth discrimination in the visual cortex: Neurons ideally suited as disparity detectors. Science 249, 1037\u20131041 (1990).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(96)00247-7","article-title":"A subspace reverse-correlation technique for the study of visual neurons","volume":"37","author":"Ringach DL","year":"1997","unstructured":"DL Ringach, G Sapiro, R Shapley, A subspace reverse-correlation technique for the study of visual neurons. Vision Res 37, 2455\u20132464 (1997).","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2002.88.1.455","article-title":"Spatial structure and symmetry of simple-cell receptive fields in macaque primary visual cortex","volume":"88","author":"Ringach DL","year":"2002","unstructured":"DL Ringach, Spatial structure and symmetry of simple-cell receptive fields in macaque primary visual cortex. J Neurophysiol 88, 455\u2013463 (2002).","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02140814","article-title":"Receptive fields of cells in the human visual cortex","volume":"24","author":"Marg E","year":"1968","unstructured":"E Marg, JE Adams, B Rutkin, Receptive fields of cells in the human visual cortex. Experientia 24, 348\u2013350 (1968).","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhl138","article-title":"Receptive fields in human visual cortex mapped with surface electrodes","volume":"17","author":"Yoshor D","year":"2007","unstructured":"D Yoshor, WH Bosking, GM Ghose, JHR Maunsell, Receptive fields in human visual cortex mapped with surface electrodes. Cereb Cortex 17, 2293\u20132302 (2007).","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002420","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002420","article-title":"The effects of context and attention on spiking activity in human early visual cortex","volume":"14","author":"Self MW","year":"2016","unstructured":"MW Self, , The effects of context and attention on spiking activity in human early visual cortex. PLoS Biol 14, e1002420 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.11.054","article-title":"Analysis of a large fMRI cohort: Statistical and methodological issues for group analyses","volume":"35","author":"Thirion B","year":"2007","unstructured":"B Thirion, , Analysis of a large fMRI cohort: Statistical and methodological issues for group analyses. Neuroimage 35, 105\u2013120 (2007).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06713","article-title":"Identifying natural images from human brain activity","volume":"452","author":"Kay KN","year":"2008","unstructured":"KN Kay, T Naselaris, RJ Prenger, JL Gallant, Identifying natural images from human brain activity. Nature 452, 352\u2013355 (2008).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.09.006","article-title":"Bayesian reconstruction of natural images from human brain activity","volume":"63","author":"Naselaris T","year":"2009","unstructured":"T Naselaris, RJ Prenger, KN Kay, M Oliver, JL Gallant, Bayesian reconstruction of natural images from human brain activity. Neuron 63, 902\u2013915 (2009).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.08.031","article-title":"Reconstructing visual experiences from brain activity evoked by natural movies","volume":"21","author":"Nishimoto S","year":"2011","unstructured":"S Nishimoto, , Reconstructing visual experiences from brain activity evoked by natural movies. Curr Biol 21, 1641\u20131646 (2011).","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.06.035","article-title":"The feature-weighted receptive field: An interpretable encoding model for complex feature spaces","volume":"180","author":"St-Yves G","year":"2018","unstructured":"G St-Yves, T Naselaris, The feature-weighted receptive field: An interpretable encoding model for complex feature spaces. Neuroimage 180, 188\u2013202 (2018).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.07.073","article-title":"Encoding and decoding in fMRI","volume":"56","author":"Naselaris T","year":"2011","unstructured":"T Naselaris, KN Kay, S Nishimoto, JL Gallant, Encoding and decoding in fMRI. Neuroimage 56, 400\u2013410 (2011).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.2.000284","article-title":"Spatiotemporal energy models for the perception of motion","volume":"2","author":"Adelson EH","year":"1985","unstructured":"EH Adelson, JR Bergen, Spatiotemporal energy models for the perception of motion. J Opt Soc Am A 2, 284\u2013299 (1985).","journal-title":"J Opt Soc Am A"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","first-page":"1191","article-title":"Using an achiasmic human visual system to quantify the relationship between the fMRI BOLD signal and neural response","volume":"4","author":"Bao P","year":"2015","unstructured":"P Bao, CJ Purington, BS Tjan, Using an achiasmic human visual system to quantify the relationship between the fMRI BOLD signal and neural response. eLife 4, 1191 (2015).","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.06-08-02327.1986","article-title":"Processing of color, form and disparity information in visual areas VP and V2 of ventral extrastriate cortex in the macaque monkey","volume":"6","author":"Burkhalter A","year":"1986","unstructured":"A Burkhalter, DC Van Essen, Processing of color, form and disparity information in visual areas VP and V2 of ventral extrastriate cortex in the macaque monkey. J Neurosci 6, 2327\u20132351 (1986).","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/9.2.101","article-title":"Increased receptive field size in the surround of chronic lesions in the adult cat visual cortex","volume":"9","author":"Eysel UT","year":"1999","unstructured":"UT Eysel, G Schweigart, Increased receptive field size in the surround of chronic lesions in the adult cat visual cortex. Cereb Cortex 9, 101\u2013109 (1999).","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2326637","article-title":"Reorganization of retinotopic cortical maps in adult mammals after lesions of the retina","volume":"248","author":"Kaas JH","year":"1990","unstructured":"JH Kaas, , Reorganization of retinotopic cortical maps in adult mammals after lesions of the retina. Science 248, 229\u2013231 (1990).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-03-02417.1995","article-title":"Receptive-field properties of deafferentated visual cortical neurons after topographic map reorganization in adult cats","volume":"15","author":"Chino YM","year":"1995","unstructured":"YM Chino, 3rd EL Smith, JH Kaas, Y Sasaki, H Cheng, Receptive-field properties of deafferentated visual cortical neurons after topographic map reorganization in adult cats. J Neurosci 15, 2417\u20132433 (1995).","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1038\/356150a0","article-title":"Receptive field dynamics in adult primary visual cortex","volume":"356","author":"Gilbert CD","year":"1992","unstructured":"CD Gilbert, TN Wiesel, Receptive field dynamics in adult primary visual cortex. Nature 356, 150\u2013152 (1992).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3456","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12349","article-title":"Visual cortex organisation in a macaque monkey with macular degeneration","volume":"38","author":"Shao Y","year":"2013","unstructured":"Y Shao, , Visual cortex organisation in a macaque monkey with macular degeneration. Eur J Neurosci 38, 3456\u20133464 (2013).","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1656","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1317074111","article-title":"Population receptive field analysis of the primary visual cortex complements perimetry in patients with homonymous visual field defects","volume":"111","author":"Papanikolaou A","year":"2014","unstructured":"A Papanikolaou, , Population receptive field analysis of the primary visual cortex complements perimetry in patients with homonymous visual field defects. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111, E1656\u2013E1665 (2014).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03495","article-title":"Lack of long-term cortical reorganization after macaque retinal lesions","volume":"435","author":"Smirnakis SM","year":"2005","unstructured":"SM Smirnakis, , Lack of long-term cortical reorganization after macaque retinal lesions. Nature 435, 300\u2013307 (2005).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5527","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005527","article-title":"Visually driven activation in macaque areas V2 and V3 without input from the primary visual cortex","volume":"4","author":"Schmid MC","year":"2009","unstructured":"MC Schmid, T Panagiotaropoulos, MA Augath, NK Logothetis, SM Smirnakis, Visually driven activation in macaque areas V2 and V3 without input from the primary visual cortex. PLoS One 4, e5527 (2009).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9682","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.21.9682","article-title":"Receptive field structure in the visual cortex: Does selective stimulation induce plasticity?","volume":"92","author":"DeAngelis GC","year":"1995","unstructured":"GC DeAngelis, A Anzai, I Ohzawa, RD Freeman, Receptive field structure in the visual cortex: Does selective stimulation induce plasticity? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92, 9682\u20139686 (1995).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21658","article-title":"A neurochemical signature of visual recovery after extrastriate cortical damage in the adult cat","volume":"508","author":"Huxlin KR","year":"2008","unstructured":"KR Huxlin, JM Williams, T Price, A neurochemical signature of visual recovery after extrastriate cortical damage in the adult cat. J Comp Neurol 508, 45\u201361 (2008).","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2594(200005)43:5<705::AID-MRM13>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Robust multiresolution alignment of MRI brain volumes","volume":"43","author":"Nestares O","year":"2000","unstructured":"O Nestares, DJ Heeger, Robust multiresolution alignment of MRI brain volumes. Magn Reson Med 43, 705\u2013715 (2000).","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1109\/42.563664","article-title":"Multimodality image registration by maximization of mutual information","volume":"16","author":"Maes F","year":"1997","unstructured":"F Maes, A Collignon, D Vandermeulen, G Marchal, P Suetens, Multimodality image registration by maximization of mutual information. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 16, 187\u2013198 (1997).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00357","article-title":"The psychophysics toolbox","volume":"10","author":"Brainard DH","year":"1997","unstructured":"DH Brainard, The psychophysics toolbox. Spat Vis 10, 433\u2013436 (1997).","journal-title":"Spat Vis"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/9210","article-title":"Functional imaging of the monkey brain","volume":"2","author":"Logothetis NK","year":"1999","unstructured":"NK Logothetis, H Guggenberger, S Peled, J Pauls, Functional imaging of the monkey brain. Nat Neurosci 2, 555\u2013562 (1999).","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.02.057","article-title":"Robust controlled functional MRI in alert monkeys at high magnetic field: Effects of jaw and body movements","volume":"36","author":"Keliris GA","year":"2007","unstructured":"GA Keliris, , Robust controlled functional MRI in alert monkeys at high magnetic field: Effects of jaw and body movements. Neuroimage 36, 550\u2013570 (2007).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.12.006","article-title":"Cortical maps and white matter tracts following long period of visual deprivation and retinal image restoration","volume":"65","author":"Levin N","year":"2010","unstructured":"N Levin, SO Dumoulin, J Winawer, RF Dougherty, BA Wandell, Cortical maps and white matter tracts following long period of visual deprivation and retinal image restoration. Neuron 65, 21\u201331 (2010).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12353","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0677-10.2010","article-title":"The role of the primary visual cortex in perceptual suppression of salient visual stimuli","volume":"30","author":"Keliris GA","year":"2010","unstructured":"GA Keliris, NK Logothetis, AS Tolias, The role of the primary visual cortex in perceptual suppression of salient visual stimuli. J Neurosci 30, 12353\u201312365 (2010).","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","first-page":"137","article-title":"A method of measuring eye movemnent using a scleral search coil in a magnetic field","volume":"10","author":"Robinson DA","year":"1963","unstructured":"DA Robinson, A method of measuring eye movemnent using a scleral search coil in a magnetic field. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 10, 137\u2013145 (1963).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(80)90128-5","article-title":"Implantation of magnetic search coils for measurement of eye position: An improved method","volume":"20","author":"Judge SJ","year":"1980","unstructured":"SJ Judge, BJ Richmond, FC Chu, Implantation of magnetic search coils for measurement of eye position: An improved method. Vision Res 20, 535\u2013538 (1980).","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(03)00084-1","article-title":"Microsaccades uncover the orientation of covert attention","volume":"43","author":"Engbert R","year":"2003","unstructured":"R Engbert, R Kliegl, Microsaccades uncover the orientation of covert attention. Vision Res 43, 1035\u20131045 (2003).","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","unstructured":"GA Keliris Q Li A Papanikolaou NK Logothetis SM Smirnakis suRFdata. MEGA. Available at https:\/\/mega.nz\/#F!rjxGTYRb!6c_XFeslILmSlt_QMfulpQ. Deposited October 31 2018. (2018)."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.1809612116","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T14:59:35Z","timestamp":1654613975000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1809612116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.1809612116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1809612116","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/301648","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-03-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}