{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T06:08:34Z","timestamp":1789625314872,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"42","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]],"date-time":"2018-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01GM089820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01GM089820"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The ReFRAME collection of 12,000 compounds is a best-in-class drug repurposing library containing nearly all small molecules that have reached clinical development or undergone significant preclinical profiling. The purpose of such a screening collection is to enable rapid testing of compounds with demonstrated safety profiles in new indications, such as neglected or rare diseases, where there is less commercial motivation for expensive research and development. Providing the academic and nonprofit research community access to a high-value compound collection and related screening data in an open-access platform should provide new tool compounds for biomedical research, as well as accelerate drug-discovery and\/or development programs aimed at developing new therapies for diverse unmet medical needs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1810137115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]],"date-time":"2018-10-03T15:35:57Z","timestamp":1538580957000},"page":"10750-10755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":208,"title":["The ReFRAME library as a comprehensive drug repurposing library and its application to the treatment of cryptosporidiosis"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Jeff","family":"Janes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan E.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole H.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Burgstaller-Muehlbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura D.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa S.","family":"Love","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell V.","family":"Hull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelli L.","family":"Kuhen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley K.","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean B.","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Michael","family":"Petrassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Case W.","family":"McNamara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew S.","family":"Tremblay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew I.","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter G.","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5171-7982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnab K.","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4306"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3001318"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3002648"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/534314a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079568"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3001862"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60844-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02641-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02460-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005373"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-016-4159-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12212"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","unstructured":"; European Medicines Agency EU Clinical Trials Register Identifier 2012-002763-10. Available at https:\/\/www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu\/ctr-search\/trial\/2012-002763-10\/D. Accessed September 2018. (1995)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","unstructured":"; US National Library of Medicine A Study to Assess the Analgesic Efficacy of ASP7962 in Patients with Pain Due to Osteoarthritis of the Knee (OAK) Identifier NCT02611466. Available at https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02611466. Accessed September 2018. (2000)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182098003424"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/database\/baw015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1702750114"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22337"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix120"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2017.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-2946-3-33"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","unstructured":"NM O\u2019Boyle The Open Babel Package Version 2.3.2. Available at openbabel.org. Accessed April 1 2016. (2012)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Janes Fix bug in the fingerprint algorithm. Available at https:\/\/github.com\/openbabel\/openbabel\/pull\/223. Accessed August 21 2015. (2015).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-44185-5_100088"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","unstructured":"J Janes Fix fingerprint bug #224. Available at https:\/\/github.com\/openbabel\/openbabel\/pull\/240. Accessed December 11 2015. (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","unstructured":"J Janes Make use of hardware bit counting. Available at https:\/\/github.com\/openbabel\/openbabel\/issues\/184. Accessed May 26 2015. (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","unstructured":"Schr\u00f6dinger (2018) LiveDesign: The next-generation platform for collaborative drug design. Available at https:\/\/www.schrodinger.com\/livedesign. Accessed September 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","unstructured":"O Bartunov T Sigaev pg_trgm. Available at https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/9.4\/static\/pgtrgm.html. Accessed June 27 2015. (1996)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","first-page":"56S","article-title":"Cryptosporidium parvum: Synchronized excystation in vitro and evaluation of sporozoite infectivity with a new lectin-based assay","volume":"46","author":"Gut J","year":"1999","unstructured":"J Gut, RG Nelson, Cryptosporidium parvum: Synchronized excystation in vitro and evaluation of sporozoite infectivity with a new lectin-based assay. J Eukaryot Microbiol 46, 56S\u201357S (1999).","journal-title":"J Eukaryot Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3282084"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2104932118","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617926400000}}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/syndication\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.1810137115","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.1810137115","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T03:22:05Z","timestamp":1649820125000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1810137115"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"42","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.1810137115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1810137115","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-10-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}