{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:49:20Z","timestamp":1790232560121,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"50","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,27]],"date-time":"2019-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":181,"URL":"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/site\/aboutpnas\/licenses.xhtml"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MU 1225\/36-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MU 1225\/36-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000921","name":"European Cooperation in Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["STSM-CA15216-40485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STSM-CA15216-40485"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The technology for generating tactile feedback on a touchscreen via electroadhesion is already available\u2014and straightforward to implement\u2014but the knowledge on human skin contact mechanics is limited. To better understand the contact mechanism between the finger pad and touchscreen under electroadhesion, we investigated the sliding friction as a function of normal force and voltage using (\n                    <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) a mean field theory based on multiscale contact mechanics, (\n                    <jats:italic>ii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) a full-scale computational contact mechanics study, and (\n                    <jats:italic>iii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) experiments performed on a custom-made tribometer. We show that the real contact area and the electroadhesion force depend strongly on the skin surface roughness and on the nature of the touchscreen coating. Thus, by reducing the effective thickness of the latter, the human tactile sensing can be drastically enhanced.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1811750115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]],"date-time":"2018-11-27T17:55:18Z","timestamp":1543341318000},"page":"12668-12673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Contact mechanics between the human finger and a touchscreen under electroadhesion"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3411-6215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet","family":"Ayyildiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Theory 1, Peter Gr\u00fcnberg Institute-1, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, 52425 J\u00fclich, Germany;"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Bilgi University, 34060 Istanbul, Turkey;"},{"name":"College of Engineering, Koc University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8964-9970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Scaraggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Theory 1, Peter Gr\u00fcnberg Institute-1, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, 52425 J\u00fclich, Germany;"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Innovazione, Universit\u00e0 del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omer","family":"Sirin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Koc University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cagatay","family":"Basdogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Koc University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo N. J.","family":"Persson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Theory 1, Peter Gr\u00fcnberg Institute-1, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, 52425 J\u00fclich, Germany;"},{"name":"Multiscale Consulting, 52425 J\u00fclich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1603908113"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"713","article-title":"A physical phenomenon and its applications to telegraphy, telephony, etc","volume":"61","author":"Johnsen A","year":"1923","unstructured":"A Johnsen, K Rahbek, A physical phenomenon and its applications to telegraphy, telephony, etc. J Inst Electr Eng 61, 713\u2013725 (1923).","journal-title":"J Inst Electr Eng"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.118.3062.277"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40648-017-0085-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201504264"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/01439910310479595"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMMS.1970.299965"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1109\/WHC.2015.7177691","volume-title":"World Haptics Conference (WHC), 2015 IEEE","author":"Shultz CD","year":"2015","unstructured":"CD Shultz, MA Peshkin, JE Colgate, Surface haptics via electroadhesion: Expanding electrovibration with johnsen and rahbek. 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