{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T06:37:52Z","timestamp":1787985472314,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"18","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Abnormal angiogenesis accompanies many pathological conditions including cancer, inflammation, and eye diseases. Proliferative retinopathy because of retinal neovascularization is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries. Another major cause of irreversible vision loss is retinitis pigmentosa, a group of diseases characterized by progressive photoreceptor cell degeneration. Interestingly, anecdotal evidence has long suggested that proliferative diabetic retinopathy is rarely associated clinically with retinitis pigmentosa. Here we show that neonatal mice with classic inherited retinal degeneration (\n                    <jats:italic>Pdeb<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>rd1<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:italic>\/Pdeb<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>rd1<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    ) fail to mount reactive retinal neovascularization in a mouse model of oxygen-induced proliferative retinopathy. We also present a comparable human paradigm: spontaneous regression of retinal neovascularization associated with long-standing diabetes mellitus occurs when retinitis pigmentosa becomes clinically evident. Both mouse and human data indicate that reactive retinal neovascularization either fails to develop or regresses when the number of photoreceptor cells is markedly reduced. Our findings support the hypothesis that a functional mechanism underlying this anti-angiogenic state is failure of the predicted up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor, although other growth factors may also be involved. Preventive and therapeutic strategies against both proliferative and degenerative retinopathies may emerge from this work.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.181329198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:45:09Z","timestamp":1027680309000},"page":"10368-10373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["An anti-angiogenic state in mice and humans with retinal photoreceptor cell degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Johanna","family":"Lahdenranta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030; Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Growth Factor and Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale EPI 0113, Avenue des Facult\u00e9s, B\u00e2timent de Biologie Animale, Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence Cedex, France; Program in Neuroscience,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Pasqualini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030; Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Growth Factor and Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale EPI 0113, Avenue des Facult\u00e9s, B\u00e2timent de Biologie Animale, Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence Cedex, France; Program in Neuroscience,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinier O.","family":"Schlingemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030; Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Growth Factor and Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale EPI 0113, Avenue des Facult\u00e9s, B\u00e2timent de Biologie Animale, Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence Cedex, France; Program in Neuroscience,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Hagedorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030; Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Growth Factor and Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale EPI 0113, Avenue des Facult\u00e9s, B\u00e2timent de Biologie Animale, Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence Cedex, France; Program in Neuroscience,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William B.","family":"Stallcup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030; Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Growth Factor and Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale EPI 0113, Avenue des Facult\u00e9s, B\u00e2timent de Biologie Animale, Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence Cedex, France; Program in Neuroscience,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corazon D.","family":"Bucana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030; Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Growth Factor and Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale EPI 0113, Avenue des Facult\u00e9s, B\u00e2timent de Biologie Animale, Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence Cedex, France; Program in Neuroscience,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard L.","family":"Sidman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030; Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Growth Factor and Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale EPI 0113, Avenue des Facult\u00e9s, B\u00e2timent de Biologie Animale, Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence Cedex, France; Program in Neuroscience,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wadih","family":"Arap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030; Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Growth Factor and Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale EPI 0113, Avenue des Facult\u00e9s, B\u00e2timent de Biologie Animale, Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence Cedex, France; Program in Neuroscience,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65607-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81810-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"101","volume":"35","author":"Smith L E","year":"1994","unstructured":"L E Smith, E Wesolowski, A McLellan, S K Kostyk, R D'Amato, R Sullivan, P A D'Amore Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci 35, 101\u2013111 (1994).","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.3.905"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1095-1024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-07-04738.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.48.10.1899"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"281","volume":"151","author":"Okamoto N","year":"1997","unstructured":"N Okamoto, T Tobe, S F Hackett, H Ozaki, M A Vinores, W LaRochelle, D J Zack, P A Campochiaro Am J Pathol 151, 281\u2013291 (1997).","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.23.10457"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1996.01100140419009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a107364"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/347677a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.19.8322"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.10.4422"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology","author":"Roof D","year":"2000","unstructured":"D Roof, C L Makino Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology (Saunders, Philadelphia, 2000)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.10.7.329"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.20.9616"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","first-page":"263","volume":"36","author":"Farber D B","year":"1995","unstructured":"D B Farber Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci 36, 263\u2013275 (1995).","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","first-page":"489","volume":"17","author":"Carter-Dawson L D","year":"1978","unstructured":"L D Carter-Dawson, M M LaVail, R L Sidman Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci 17, 489\u2013498 (1978).","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(76)90206-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(93)90072-Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.3.974"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902540407"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)72109-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(74)90066-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.16.8502"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","first-page":"1095","volume":"1","author":"Kitadai Y","year":"1995","unstructured":"Y Kitadai, L M Ellis, Y Takahashi, C D Bucana, H Anzai, E Tahara, I J Fidler Clin Cancer Res 1, 1095\u20131102 (1995).","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)73920-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(86)33539-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","first-page":"861","volume":"16","author":"Butner R W","year":"1984","unstructured":"R W Butner Ann Ophthalmol 16, 861, , 863\u2013865. 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