{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T14:59:33Z","timestamp":1790953173537,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]],"date-time":"2019-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Intramural Research Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Intramural Research Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005739","name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Trichoplax<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a disk-shaped marine animal whose body plan and lifestyle could be similar to those of the Precambrian ancestor of many animals on earth today. It has only six cell types and no nervous system. It glides on substrates feeding on microalgae, propelled by asynchronously beating cilia. It can move in any direction, so we assume that its cilia do not have a uniform polarity and may be randomly oriented, unlike cilia in most epithelia. We show that\n                    <jats:italic>Trichoplax<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibits chemotaxis and present a mathematical model to explain how directional movement could arise from collective actions of randomly oriented ciliated cells, each independently responding to a chemoattractant gradient but constrained by their attachments to other cells in the animal.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1815655116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]],"date-time":"2019-04-16T15:16:21Z","timestamp":1555427781000},"page":"8901-8908","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Coherent directed movement toward food modeled in\n                    <i>Trichoplax<\/i>\n                    , a ciliated animal lacking a nervous system"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6603-0753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolyn L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas S.","family":"Reese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzipe","family":"Govezensky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0987-0785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael A.","family":"Barrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de F\u00edsica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, 01000 Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13400"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1242592"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.02.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-017-0331-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1503453112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.21442"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/691069"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.05.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.11.1.179"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.051326"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MA Sleigh The movement of cilia and flagella. 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