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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aberrant hedgehog (Hh) pathway plays important roles in multiple cancer types, therefore serving as a promising drug target. Current clinically available hedgehog-targeted drugs act mostly by antagonizing the upstream component smoothened; however, both primary and acquired resistance to FDA-approved smoothened inhibitor (SMOi) drugs have been described. We have recently demonstrated that the BET inhibitor effectively suppresses SMOi-resistant Hh-driven cancers through antagonizing transcription of GLI1 and GLI2, the core transcriptional factors of Hh pathway, suggesting epigenetic or transcriptional targeted therapy represents an anti-Hh therapeutic strategy that can overcome SMOi resistance. Here we performed an unbiased screening of epigenetic or transcriptional targeted small molecules to test their inhibitory effects on GLI1 and GLI2 transcription or cell viability of Hh-driven tumor lines. THZ1, a covalent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7), is identified as the top hit in our screening. We then confirmed that antagonizing CDK7 by either small-molecule inhibitors or the CRISPR-Cas9 approach causes substantial suppression of GLI1 and GLI2 transcription, resulting in effective inhibition of Hh-driven cancers in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, antagonizing CDK7 retains inhibitory activity against Hh-driven cancers with almost all so-far described primary or acquired SMOi resistance. Furthermore, we reveal a synergy between CDK7 inhibition and BET inhibition on antagonizing aberrant Hh pathway and Hh-driven cancers that are either responsive or resistant to SMOi. Our results illustrate transcriptional inhibition through targeting CDK7 as a promising therapeutic strategy for treating Hh-driven cancers, especially those with primary or acquired resistance to SMOi drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1815780116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]],"date-time":"2019-06-10T20:26:25Z","timestamp":1560198385000},"page":"12986-12995","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["CDK7 inhibition suppresses aberrant hedgehog pathway and overcomes resistance to smoothened antagonists"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Fang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linjun","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiantian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialin","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liye","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Department of 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