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NICUs therefore invest in developmental care procedures, with music for example, but neurobiological evidence for these interventions is missing. We present results from a clinical trial to study the effects of a music intervention on preterm infants\u2019 brain development. Based on resting-state fMRI, we provide evidence that music enhanced connectivity in a brain circuitry involving the salience network with regions implicated in sensory and higher-order cognitive functions, previously found to be altered in preterm infants. To our knowledge, this study is unique in observing an impact of music on brain development in preterm newborns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1817536116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]],"date-time":"2019-05-28T17:26:05Z","timestamp":1559064365000},"page":"12103-12108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":142,"title":["Music in premature infants enhances high-level cognitive brain networks"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8002-7745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara","family":"Lordier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;"},{"name":"Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics Lab, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, 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