{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T03:19:40Z","timestamp":1790565580185,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]],"date-time":"2019-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/site\/aboutpnas\/licenses.xhtml"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The transcriptional programs that regulate CD8 T-cell differentiation and function in the context of viral infections or tumor immune surveillance have been extensively studied; yet how long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and the loci that transcribe them contribute to the regulation of CD8 T cells during viral infections remains largely unexplored. Here, we report that transcription of the lncRNA\n                    <jats:italic>Morrbid<\/jats:italic>\n                    is specifically induced by T-cell receptor (TCR) and type I IFN stimulation during the early stages of acute and chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. In response to type I IFN, the\n                    <jats:italic>Morrbid<\/jats:italic>\n                    RNA and its locus control CD8 T cell expansion, survival, and effector function by regulating the expression of the proapoptotic factor,\n                    <jats:italic>Bcl2l11<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and by modulating the strength of the PI3K\u2013AKT signaling pathway. Thus, our results demonstrate that inflammatory cue-responsive lncRNA loci represent fundamental mechanisms by which CD8 T cells are regulated in response to pathogens and potentially cancer.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1819457116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]],"date-time":"2019-05-28T17:26:13Z","timestamp":1559064373000},"page":"11916-11925","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["The long noncoding RNA\n                    <i>Morrbid<\/i>\n                    regulates CD8 T cells in response to viral infection"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Jonathan J.","family":"Kotzin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fany","family":"Iseka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmine","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megha G.","family":"Basavappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan L.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed-Alkhatim","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0226-3464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed S.","family":"Abdel-Hakeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanner F.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter K.","family":"Mowel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonel","family":"Joannas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa D.","family":"Neal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean P.","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille M.","family":"Syrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Montserrat C.","family":"Anguera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032;"},{"name":"Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. John","family":"Wherry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Henao-Mejia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1633","article-title":"Ab initio reconstruction of cell type-specific transcriptomes in mouse reveals the conserved multi-exonic structure of lincRNAs","volume":"28","author":"Guttman M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"M. Guttman ., Ab initio reconstruction of cell type-specific transcriptomes in mouse reveals the conserved multi-exonic structure of lincRNAs. Nat. Biotechnol. 28, 503\u2013510 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.132159.111","article-title":"The GENCODE v7 catalog of human long noncoding RNAs: Analysis of their gene structure, evolution, and expression","volume":"22","author":"Derrien T.","year":"2012","unstructured":"T. Derrien ., The GENCODE v7 catalog of human long noncoding RNAs: Analysis of their gene structure, evolution, and expression. Genome Res. 22, 1775\u20131789 (2012).","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-051410-092902","article-title":"Genome regulation by long noncoding RNAs","volume":"81","author":"Rinn J. L.","year":"2012","unstructured":"J. L. Rinn, H. Y. Chang, Genome regulation by long noncoding RNAs. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 81, 145\u2013166 (2012).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20128","article-title":"Transcription of the non-coding RNA upperhand controls Hand2 expression and heart development","volume":"539","author":"Anderson K. M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"K. M. Anderson ., Transcription of the non-coding RNA upperhand controls Hand2 expression and heart development. Nature 539, 433\u2013436 (2016).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20149","article-title":"Local regulation of gene expression by lncRNA promoters, transcription and splicing","volume":"539","author":"Engreitz J. M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"J. M. Engreitz ., Local regulation of gene expression by lncRNA promoters, transcription and splicing. Nature 539, 452\u2013455 (2016).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2017.08.009","article-title":"Control of immune cell homeostasis and function by lncRNAs","volume":"39","author":"Mowel W. K.","year":"2018","unstructured":"W. K. Mowel, J. J. Kotzin, S. J. McCright, V. D. Neal, J. Henao-Mejia, Control of immune cell homeostasis and function by lncRNAs. Trends Immunol. 39, 55\u201369 (2018).","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.07.010","article-title":"CD8+ T cells: Foot soldiers of the immune system","volume":"35","author":"Zhang N.","year":"2011","unstructured":"N. Zhang, M. J. Bevan, CD8+ T cells: Foot soldiers of the immune system. Immunity 35, 161\u2013168 (2011).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3307","article-title":"Transcriptional control of effector and memory CD8+ T cell differentiation","volume":"12","author":"Kaech S. M.","year":"2012","unstructured":"S. M. Kaech, W. Cui, Transcriptional control of effector and memory CD8+ T cell differentiation. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 12, 749\u2013761 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5535","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.11.5535-5545.2004","article-title":"Memory CD8 T-cell differentiation during viral infection","volume":"78","author":"Wherry E. J.","year":"2004","unstructured":"E. J. Wherry, R. Ahmed, Memory CD8 T-cell differentiation during viral infection. J. Virol. 78, 5535\u20135545 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19346","article-title":"The long non-coding RNA Morrbid regulates Bim and short-lived myeloid cell lifespan","volume":"537","author":"Kotzin J. J.","year":"2016","unstructured":"J. J. Kotzin ., The long non-coding RNA Morrbid regulates Bim and short-lived myeloid cell lifespan. Nature 537, 239\u2013243 (2016).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4911","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.8.4911-4927.2003","article-title":"Viral persistence alters CD8 T-cell immunodominance and tissue distribution and results in distinct stages of functional impairment","volume":"77","author":"Wherry E. J.","year":"2003","unstructured":"E. J. Wherry, J. N. Blattman, K. Murali-Krishna, R. van der Most, R. Ahmed, Viral persistence alters CD8 T-cell immunodominance and tissue distribution and results in distinct stages of functional impairment. J. Virol. 77, 4911\u20134927 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021910","article-title":"Signal 3 determines tolerance versus full activation of naive CD8 T cells: Dissociating proliferation and development of effector function","volume":"197","author":"Curtsinger J. M.","year":"2003","unstructured":"J. M. Curtsinger, D. C. Lins, M. F. Mescher, Signal 3 determines tolerance versus full activation of naive CD8 T cells: Dissociating proliferation and development of effector function. J. Exp. Med. 197, 1141\u20131151 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80469-0","article-title":"Massive expansion of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells during an acute virus infection","volume":"8","author":"Butz E. A.","year":"1998","unstructured":"E. A. Butz, M. J. Bevan, Massive expansion of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells during an acute virus infection. Immunity 8, 167\u2013175 (1998).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20142237","article-title":"Genetic absence of PD-1 promotes accumulation of terminally differentiated exhausted CD8+ T cells","volume":"212","author":"Odorizzi P. M.","year":"2015","unstructured":"P. M. Odorizzi, K. E. Pauken, M. A. Paley, A. Sharpe, E. J. Wherry, Genetic absence of PD-1 promotes accumulation of terminally differentiated exhausted CD8+ T cells. J. Exp. Med. 212, 1125\u20131137 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.18.1.275","article-title":"CD8+ T cell effector mechanisms in resistance to infection","volume":"18","author":"Harty J. T.","year":"2000","unstructured":"J. T. Harty, A. R. Tvinnereim, D. W. White, CD8+ T cell effector mechanisms in resistance to infection. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 18, 275\u2013308 (2000).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2068","article-title":"The tumor suppressor Tsc1 enforces quiescence of naive T cells to promote immune homeostasis and function","volume":"12","author":"Yang K.","year":"2011","unstructured":"K. Yang, G. Neale, D. R. Green, W. He, H. Chi, The tumor suppressor Tsc1 enforces quiescence of naive T cells to promote immune homeostasis and function. Nat. Immunol. 12, 888\u2013897 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8627","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00855-06","article-title":"Role of Bim in regulating CD8+ T-cell responses during chronic viral infection","volume":"80","author":"Grayson J. M.","year":"2006","unstructured":"J. M. Grayson, A. E. Weant, B. C. Holbrook, D. Hildeman, Role of Bim in regulating CD8+ T-cell responses during chronic viral infection. J. Virol. 80, 8627\u20138638 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(02)00322-9","article-title":"Activated T cell death in vivo mediated by proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bim","volume":"16","author":"Hildeman D. A.","year":"2002","unstructured":"D. A. Hildeman ., Activated T cell death in vivo mediated by proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bim. Immunity 16, 759\u2013767 (2002).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200635897","article-title":"Bim mediates apoptosis of CD127lo effector T cells and limits T cell memory","volume":"36","author":"Wojciechowski S.","year":"2006","unstructured":"S. Wojciechowski ., Bim mediates apoptosis of CD127lo effector T cells and limits T cell memory. Eur. J. Immunol. 36, 1694\u20131706 (2006).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3806","article-title":"Regulation of antiviral T cell responses by type I interferons","volume":"15","author":"Crouse J.","year":"2015","unstructured":"J. Crouse, U. Kalinke, A. Oxenius, Regulation of antiviral T cell responses by type I interferons. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 15, 231\u2013242 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050821","article-title":"Type I interferons act directly on CD8 T cells to allow clonal expansion and memory formation in response to viral infection","volume":"202","author":"Kolumam G. A.","year":"2005","unstructured":"G. A. Kolumam, S. Thomas, L. J. Thompson, J. Sprent, K. Murali-Krishna, Type I interferons act directly on CD8 T cells to allow clonal expansion and memory formation in response to viral infection. J. Exp. Med. 202, 637\u2013650 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1074900","article-title":"Critical role for STAT4 activation by type 1 interferons in the interferon-gamma response to viral infection","volume":"297","author":"Nguyen K. B.","year":"2002","unstructured":"K. B. Nguyen ., Critical role for STAT4 activation by type 1 interferons in the interferon-gamma response to viral infection. Science 297, 2063\u20132066 (2002).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201142091","article-title":"Type-I IFN drives the differentiation of short-lived effector CD8+ T cells in vivo","volume":"42","author":"Wiesel M.","year":"2012","unstructured":"M. Wiesel ., Type-I IFN drives the differentiation of short-lived effector CD8+ T cells in vivo. Eur. J. Immunol. 42, 320\u2013329 (2012).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3485","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02649-13","article-title":"Beta interferon regulation of glucose metabolism is PI3K\/Akt dependent and important for antiviral activity against coxsackievirus B3","volume":"88","author":"Burke J. D.","year":"2014","unstructured":"J. D. Burke, L. C. Platanias, E. N. Fish, Beta interferon regulation of glucose metabolism is PI3K\/Akt dependent and important for antiviral activity against coxsackievirus B3. J. Virol. 88, 3485\u20133495 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4808","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0710907105","article-title":"Role of the Akt pathway in mRNA translation of interferon-stimulated genes","volume":"105","author":"Kaur S.","year":"2008","unstructured":"S. Kaur ., Role of the Akt pathway in mRNA translation of interferon-stimulated genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105, 4808\u20134813 (2008).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.03.056","article-title":"Central role of ULK1 in type I interferon signaling","volume":"11","author":"Saleiro D.","year":"2015","unstructured":"D. Saleiro ., Central role of ULK1 in type I interferon signaling. Cell Rep. 11, 605\u2013617 (2015).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38456","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M203204200","article-title":"Requirement of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and Akt for interferon-beta-mediated induction of the beta-R1 (SCYB11) gene","volume":"277","author":"Rani M. R. S.","year":"2002","unstructured":"M. R. S. Rani, L. Hibbert, N. Sizemore, G. R. Stark, R. M. Ransohoff, Requirement of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and Akt for interferon-beta-mediated induction of the beta-R1 (SCYB11) gene. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 38456\u201338461 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132706","article-title":"T cell activation","volume":"27","author":"Smith-Garvin J. E.","year":"2009","unstructured":"J. E. Smith-Garvin, G. A. Koretzky, M. S. Jordan, T cell activation. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 27, 591\u2013619 (2009).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14422","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14422","article-title":"LncRNA AK023948 is a positive regulator of AKT","volume":"8","author":"Koirala P.","year":"2017","unstructured":"P. Koirala ., LncRNA AK023948 is a positive regulator of AKT. Nat. Commun. 8, 14422 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3473","article-title":"The LINK-A lncRNA interacts with PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 to hyperactivate AKT and confer resistance to AKT inhibitors","volume":"19","author":"Lin A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"A. Lin ., The LINK-A lncRNA interacts with PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 to hyperactivate AKT and confer resistance to AKT inhibitors. Nat. Cell Biol. 19, 238\u2013251 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26079","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.15317","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA PTENP1 functions as a ceRNA to modulate PTEN level by decoying miR-106b and miR-93 in gastric cancer","volume":"8","author":"Zhang R.","year":"2017","unstructured":"R. Zhang ., Long non-coding RNA PTENP1 functions as a ceRNA to modulate PTEN level by decoying miR-106b and miR-93 in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 8, 26079\u201326089 (2017).","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.02.021","article-title":"The microRNA miR-181 is a critical cellular metabolic rheostat essential for NKT cell ontogenesis and lymphocyte development and homeostasis","volume":"38","author":"Henao-Mejia J.","year":"2013","unstructured":"J. Henao-Mejia ., The microRNA miR-181 is a critical cellular metabolic rheostat essential for NKT cell ontogenesis and lymphocyte development and homeostasis. Immunity 38, 984\u2013997 (2013).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","volume-title":"Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals","author":"National Research Council","year":"2011","unstructured":"National Research Council, Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Academies Press, Washington, DC, ed. 8, 2011)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pdb.prot090704","DOI":"10.1101\/pdb.prot090704","article-title":"Generation of genetically modified mice using the CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing system","volume":"2016","author":"Henao-Mejia J.","year":"2016","unstructured":"J. Henao-Mejia ., Generation of genetically modified mice using the CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing system. Cold Spring Harb. Protc. 2016, pdb.prot090704 (2016).","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Protc."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.1819457116","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T15:23:10Z","timestamp":1654615390000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1819457116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.1819457116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1819457116","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-05-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}