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We studied diseases with abundant information on the autoimmune target: in multiple sclerosis (MS), various myelin antigens are known targets of T cells and antibodies, whereas in neuromyelitis optica (NMO), the aquaporin-4 channel is attacked by T cells and antibodies. We tested whether engineered dendritic cells might induce a tolerogenic immune response in these two conditions. In this in-human clinical study, individual regulatory T cells, secreting IL-10, a key tolerogenic cytokine, were detected after treatment. These results might lead to more extensive trials with this approach in autoimmune conditions where the antigenic target has been identified, including MS, NMO, myasthenia gravis, and Graves disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1820039116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T20:29:20Z","timestamp":1554755360000},"page":"8463-8470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":175,"title":["Immune tolerance in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica with peptide-loaded tolerogenic dendritic cells in a phase 1b trial"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Irati","family":"Zubizarreta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Neuroimmunology, Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, 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