{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T05:38:35Z","timestamp":1790919515388,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"19","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Systemic anthrax is caused by unimpeded bacillar replication and toxin secretion. We developed a dually active anthrax vaccine (DAAV) that confers simultaneous protection against both bacilli and toxins. DAAV was constructed by conjugating capsular poly-\u03b3-\n                    <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                    -glutamic acid (PGA) to protective antigen (PA), converting the weakly immunogenic PGA to a potent immunogen, and synergistically enhancing the humoral response to PA. PGA-specific antibodies bound to encapsulated bacilli and promoted the killing of bacilli by complement. PA-specific antibodies neutralized toxin activity and protected immunized mice against lethal challenge with anthrax toxin. Thus, DAAV combines both antibacterial and antitoxic components in a single vaccine against anthrax. DAAV introduces a vaccine design that may be widely applicable against infectious diseases and provides additional tools in medicine and biodefense.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1834478100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,16]],"date-time":"2003-09-16T13:42:33Z","timestamp":1063719753000},"page":"10925-10930","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["A dually active anthrax vaccine that confers protection against both bacilli and toxins"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Gi-Eun","family":"Rhie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, and Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael H.","family":"Roehrl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, and Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Mourez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, and Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. John","family":"Collier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, and Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Mekalanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, and Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia Y.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, and Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.17.2236"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909093411107"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joellenbeck L. 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