{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T07:09:21Z","timestamp":1790838561875,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"37","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":184,"URL":"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/site\/aboutpnas\/licenses.xhtml"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018ZX10302301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZX10302301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31422020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31422020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Excessive self-reactive and inadequate affinity-matured antigen-specific antibody responses have been reported to coexist in lupus, with elusive cellular and molecular mechanisms. Here, we report that the antigen-specific germinal center (GC) response\u2015a process critical for antibody affinity maturation\u2015is compromised in murine lupus models. Importantly, this defect can be triggered by excessive autoimmunity-relevant CD11c\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Tbet\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    age-associated B cells (ABCs). In B cell-intrinsic Ship-deficient (Ship\u0394B) lupus mice, excessive CD11c\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Tbet\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ABCs induce deregulated follicular T-helper (T\n                    <jats:sub>FH<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) cell differentiation through their potent antigen-presenting function and consequently compromise affinity-based GC selection. Excessive CD11c\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Tbet\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ABCs and deregulated T\n                    <jats:sub>FH<\/jats:sub>\n                    cell are also present in other lupus models and patients. Further, over-activated Toll-like receptor signaling in Ship-deficient B cells is critical for CD11c\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Tbet\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ABC differentiation, and blocking CD11c\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Tbet\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ABC differentiation in Ship\u0394B mice by ablating MyD88 normalizes T\n                    <jats:sub>FH<\/jats:sub>\n                    cell differentiation and rescues antigen-specific GC responses, as well as prevents autoantibody production. Our study suggests that excessive CD11c\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Tbet\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ABCs not only contribute significantly to autoantibody production but also compromise antigen-specific GC B-cell responses and antibody-affinity maturation, providing a cellular link between the coexisting autoantibodies and inadequate affinity-matured antigen-specific antibodies in lupus models and a potential target for treating lupus.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1901340116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]],"date-time":"2019-08-26T20:55:58Z","timestamp":1566852958000},"page":"18550-18560","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["Excessive CD11c\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    Tbet\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    B cells promote aberrant T\n                    <sub>FH<\/sub>\n                    differentiation and affinity-based germinal center selection in lupus"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Wenqian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huihui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shujun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fucan","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zijian","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 200003 Shanghai, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaoyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 200003 Shanghai, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Vaccine Center, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2667-9587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuanxin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200001 Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huji","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 200003 Shanghai, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fubin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, 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