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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Global growth in antibiotic resistance is a major social and health problem. The most common mechanism of high resistance to fluoroquinolones is the sequential acquisition of 3 mutations in 2 DNA topoisomerases, GyrA and ParC. We show that\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ST1193 acquired the mutant variants of\n                    <jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>parC<\/jats:italic>\n                    not by a conventional stepwise evolution but rather all at once. This was likely a result of a single transfer of about 1 Mb of chromosomal DNA from a phylogenetically distant donor\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain, followed by 11 homologous recombination events involving the transferred DNA. Thus we describe a highly effective mechanism of acquisition of antimicrobial resistance by pathogenic bacteria, which led to the emergence of pandemic\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    clone ST1193.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1903002116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T20:25:53Z","timestamp":1562012753000},"page":"14740-14748","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Pandemic fluoroquinolone resistant\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    clone ST1193 emerged via simultaneous homologous recombinations in 11 gene loci"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Veronika","family":"Tchesnokova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Radey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujay","family":"Chattopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Studies and Research, JIS University, Kolkata 700091, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie Lee","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dagmara","family":"Kisiela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2806-4121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evgeni V.","family":"Sokurenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00473-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Report on Surveillance 2014","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Report on Surveillance 2014 (World Health Organization, 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12705"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12702"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis933"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01355-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.VMBF-0016-2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-090816-093813"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1510839112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033971"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.1072"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004547"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u201cAntibiotic resistance threats in the United States 2013\u201d (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006805"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156802609789630947"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2005.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2011.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl404"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00673-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01687-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep32281"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.10.3222-3232.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","first-page":"263","article-title":"Experimental and clinical studies on fluoroquinolone-insusceptible Escherichia coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infections from 1994 to 2007","volume":"63","author":"Wada K.","year":"2009","unstructured":"K. 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