{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T03:33:07Z","timestamp":1791171187513,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"23","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>All WASP family proteins share a common C terminus that consists of\n the verprolin homology domain (V), cofilin homology domain (C), and\n acidic region (A), through which they activate Arp2\/3 complex-induced\n actin polymerization. In this study, we characterized the Arp2\/3\n complex-mediated actin polymerization activity of VCA fragments of all\n of the WASP family proteins: WASP, N-WASP, WAVE1, WAVE2, and WAVE3. All\n of the VCA fragments stimulated the nucleating activity of Arp2\/3\n complex. Among them, N-WASP VCA, which possesses two tandem V motifs,\n had a more potent activity than other VCA proteins. The chimeric\n protein experiments revealed that the V motif was more important to the\n activation potency than the CA region; two V motifs were required for\n full activity of N-WASP. COS7 cells overexpressing N-WASP form\n microspikes in response to epidermal growth factor. However, when a\n chimeric protein in which the VCA region of N-WASP is replaced with\n WAVE1 VCA was overexpressed, microspike formation was suppressed.\n Interestingly, when the N-WASP VCA region was replaced with WAVE1 VCA,\n having two V motifs, this chimeric protein could induce microspike\n formation. These results indicate that strong activation of Arp2\/3\n complex by N-WASP is mainly caused by its two tandem V motifs, which\n are essential for actin microspike formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.190351397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:45:09Z","timestamp":1027680309000},"page":"12631-12636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Two tandem verprolin homology domains are necessary for a strong activation of Arp2\/3 complex-induced actin polymerization and induction of microspike formation by N-WASP"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Hideki","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science,\r University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639,\r Japan; and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical\r School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Miki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science,\r University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639,\r Japan; and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical\r School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiro","family":"Suetsugu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science,\r University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639,\r Japan; and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical\r School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science,\r University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639,\r Japan; and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical\r School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc W.","family":"Kirschner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science,\r University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639,\r Japan; and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical\r School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadaomi","family":"Takenawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science,\r University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639,\r Japan; and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical\r School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 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