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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Natural killer (NK) cells are known for their role in defense against viruses and cancer. Their activity is regulated, in part, by killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) that bind to polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules. The KIR family includes an activation receptor of unknown function, KIR2DS4. Here, we show that KIR2DS4 binding to HLA-C*05:01 is dependent on specific peptides that include a Trp at position 8 of 9-mer peptides associated with HLA-C*05:01. Through sequence homology, we identified a highly conserved peptide sequence in bacterial recombinase A that binds to HLA-C*05:01 and stimulates KIR2DS4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    NK cells. We predict that over 1,000 bacterial species contain this epitope and propose that NK cells contribute also to immune defense against bacteria.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1903781116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]],"date-time":"2019-05-28T17:26:06Z","timestamp":1559064366000},"page":"12964-12973","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Human NK cell receptor KIR2DS4 detects a conserved bacterial epitope presented by HLA-C"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3407-9661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malcolm J. W.","family":"Sim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852;"},{"name":"Structural Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumati","family":"Rajagopalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Altmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Immunology Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemary J.","family":"Boyton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Immunology Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter D.","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Structural Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7793-3728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric O.","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1198687"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-020711-075005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(90)90097-S"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2011.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2015.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2011.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1570"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-5890(02)00030-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35014520"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00193"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/87766"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.8.1523"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503594102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-031210-101332"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041214"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1097670"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2007.03424.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3370"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601279"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1413453112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0039.2002.600307.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2015.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000574"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-1162"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099353"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-04-1351"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2006.00457.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051143"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700938"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15924"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. 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