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U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In contrast to the importance of type II interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3) in control of toxoplasmosis, the role of type I IFN is less clear. We demonstrate here that TgIST, a secreted effector previously implicated in blocking type II IFN-\u03b3 signaling, also blocked IFN-\u03b2 responses by inhibiting STAT1\/STAT2-mediated transcription in infected cells. Consistent with a role for type I IFN in cell intrinsic control, \u2206\n                    <jats:italic>Tgis<\/jats:italic>\n                    t mutants were more susceptible to growth inhibition by murine and human macrophages activated with IFN-\u03b2. Additionally, type I IFN was important for production of IFN-\u03b3 by natural killer (NK) cells and recruitment of inflammatory monocytes at the site of infection. Mice lacking type I IFN receptors (Ifnar1\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) showed increased mortality following infection with wild-type parasites and decreased virulence of \u2206Tgist parasites was restored in Ifnar1\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice. The findings highlight the importance of type I IFN in control of toxoplasmosis and illuminate a parasite mechanism to counteract the effects of both type I and II IFN-mediated host defenses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1904637116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,14]],"date-time":"2019-08-14T19:45:32Z","timestamp":1565811932000},"page":"17480-17491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["<i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n                    effector TgIST blocks type I interferon signaling to promote infection"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Sumit K.","family":"Matta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Olias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhou","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2617-7571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugene","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne M.","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. 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