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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    While surface microstructures of butterfly wings have been extensively studied for their structural coloration or optical properties within the visible spectrum, their properties in infrared wavelengths with potential ties to thermoregulation are relatively unknown. The midinfrared wavelengths of 7.5 to 14 \u00b5m are particularly important for radiative heat transfer in the ambient environment, because of the overlap with the atmospheric transmission window. For instance, a high midinfrared emissivity can facilitate surface cooling, whereas a low midinfrared emissivity can minimize heat loss to surroundings. Here we find that the midinfrared emissivity of butterfly wings from warmer climates such as\n                    <jats:italic>Archaeoprepona demophoon<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Oaxaca, Mexico) and\n                    <jats:italic>Heliconius sara<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Pichincha, Ecuador) is up to 2 times higher than that of butterfly wings from cooler climates such as\n                    <jats:italic>Celastrina echo<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Colorado) and\n                    <jats:italic>Limenitis arthemis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Florida), using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and infrared thermography. Our optical computations using a unit cell approach reproduce the spectroscopy data and explain how periodic microstructures play a critical role in the midinfrared. The emissivity spectrum governs the temperature of butterfly wings, and we demonstrate that\n                    <jats:italic>C. echo<\/jats:italic>\n                    wings heat up to 8 \u00b0C more than\n                    <jats:italic>A. demophoon<\/jats:italic>\n                    wings under the same sunlight in the clear sky of Irvine, CA. Furthermore, our thermal computations show that butterfly wings in their respective habitats can maintain a moderate temperature range through a balance of solar absorption and infrared emission. These findings suggest that the surface microstructures of butterfly wings potentially contribute to thermoregulation and provide an insight into butterflies' survival.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1906356117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T20:06:44Z","timestamp":1578600404000},"page":"1566-1572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Infrared optical and thermal properties of microstructures in butterfly wings"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5619-1569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anirudh","family":"Krishna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge E.","family":"Llorente-Bousquets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museo de Zoolog\u00eda, Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8514-4983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana D.","family":"Briscoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2207-4399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaeho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1142\/6496","volume-title":"Structural Colors in the Realm of Nature","author":"Kinoshita S.","year":"2008","unstructured":"S. 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