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Advances in the combined use of optogenetics and pharmacology to further probe important neurochemical signals has lagged, however, in large part due to the inconvenience of conventional cannulated approaches, as well as the difficulty in controlling, powering, and manufacturing optofluidic devices that are reliable and scalable for distribution to the neuroscience community. Here, we present a battery-free, wireless, lightweight optofluidic device that allows adjustable infusion rates, hands-free operation, and unlimited power supply, and is compatible with existing near-field communication (NFC) technology. We show that this device not only reproduces optogenetic and pharmacological experiments in vivo but, additionally, allows far greater freedom of movement in small animal models compared to existing, comparable platforms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1909850116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,10]],"date-time":"2019-10-10T19:35:13Z","timestamp":1570736113000},"page":"21427-21437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":163,"title":["Battery-free, lightweight, injectable microsystem for in vivo wireless pharmacology and optogenetics"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Biological, and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211;"},{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 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