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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We show that for thousands of years, humans have concentrated in a surprisingly narrow subset of Earth\u2019s available climates, characterized by mean annual temperatures around \u223c13 \u00b0C. This distribution likely reflects a human temperature niche related to fundamental constraints. We demonstrate that depending on scenarios of population growth and warming, over the coming 50 y, 1 to 3 billion people are projected to be left outside the climate conditions that have served humanity well over the past 6,000 y. 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